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Questions and Answers

Which island in Lakshadweep is the southernmost point?

  • Pitti Island
  • Amindivi Island
  • Minicoy Island (correct)
  • Agatti Island

What year did Lakshadweep officially adopt its name?

  • 1976
  • 1973 (correct)
  • 2012
  • 1956

Which of the following islands has an airport?

  • Minicoy Island
  • Agatti Island (correct)
  • Amindivi Island
  • Kavaratti Island

What script is the Mahal language written in, spoken on Minicoy Island?

<p>Dhivehi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which naval base was established first in Lakshadweep?

<p>INS Dweeprakshak (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the population in Lakshadweep is made up of indigenous Muslims?

<p>93% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which channel separates Minicoy Island from the Maldives?

<p>8 Degree Channel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the maritime boundary treaty recognizing Minicoy as part of India signed?

<p>1976 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the capital of Lakshadweep?

<p>Kavaratti (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which island is the northernmost point of Lakshadweep?

<p>Amindivi Island (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the agreement signed between India and Iran regarding Chabahar Port?

<p>10 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subsidiary is currently operating the Shahid Beheshti terminal of Chabahar Port?

<p>India Ports Global Chabahar Free Zone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following facts about Chabahar Port is incorrect?

<p>It consists of only the Shahid Beheshti port. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the proposed Iran-Oman-India underseas gas pipeline?

<p>To supply clean energy to India (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant geopolitical strategy does Chabahar Port contribute to for India?

<p>Countering China's influence via CPEC (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance between Chabahar Port and Mumbai in nautical miles?

<p>786 nautical miles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ports is located closest to Chabahar Port?

<p>Kandla Port (Gujarat) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary features of Chabahar Port?

<p>It is a deep water port. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the tripartite agreement signed in May 2016?

<p>To develop the Shahid Beheshti terminal and establish a transit corridor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main recommendation of the high-level committee headed by Ram Nath Kovind regarding elections?

<p>To conduct simultaneous elections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amendments was suggested for the constitution in order to facilitate simultaneous elections?

<p>Insertion of Article 324A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Indian won an Academy Award for designing costumes for the film Gandhi?

<p>Bhanu Athaiya (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant reason for the proclamation of a national emergency on June 25, 1975?

<p>Electoral malpractice during elections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following films won an Oscar for the Best Documentary Short Film?

<p>The Elephant Whisperers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition must be met for an emergency declaration to be revoked by the Lok Sabha?

<p>A simple majority (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which article of the Indian Constitution allows the President to declare a national emergency?

<p>Article 352 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which significant revision regarding elections was made after the 1975 emergency?

<p>Emergency could be challenged in court (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the song 'Jai Ho' in the context of the Academy Awards?

<p>It won the award for Best Original Score. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the first year in which simultaneous elections were conducted in India?

<p>1951 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) of 2019?

<p>To provide a pathway to citizenship for non-Muslim refugees from specific countries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which communities are explicitly excluded from the provisions of the CAA?

<p>Muslims (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which legal provision was amended to eliminate the 7.5% cap on political party donations?

<p>Electoral Bonds Scheme (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the chairman of the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust established after the Ayodhya verdict?

<p>Mahant Nritya Gopal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred on December 6, 1992, concerning the Babri Masjid?

<p>The Babri Masjid was demolished. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the application requirements for citizenship under the CAA?

<p>Affidavit of family background (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What architecture style is the Ram Mandir designed in?

<p>Nagara style of architecture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which commission was appointed to investigate the events leading to the Babri Masjid demolition?

<p>Liberhan Commission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Article 9 of the Constitution pertain to?

<p>Dual citizenship (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the first collection of the National Population Register conducted?

<p>2010 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes Chabahar Port from other Iranian ports?

<p>It has direct access to the Indian Ocean. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the developmental agreement signed in May 2016?

<p>To establish the International Transport and Transit Corridor. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategic advantage does Chabahar Port offer India?

<p>It enables access to Afghanistan and Central Asia without passing through Pakistan. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What financial allocation has been designated specifically for the Chabahar Port project?

<p>100 crores (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two terminals comprise Chabahar Port?

<p>Shahid Beheshti and Shahid Kalantari (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does India Ports Global Limited play at Chabahar Port?

<p>It operates and manages the Shahid Beheshti terminal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which province of Iran is Chabahar Port located?

<p>Sistan and Baluchistan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which geographical feature is directly associated with Chabahar Port?

<p>The Gulf of Oman (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the proposed Iran-Oman-India underseas gas pipeline?

<p>It aims to provide India with cleaner energy resources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distance in nautical miles separates Chabahar Port from Kandla Port?

<p>550 nautical miles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum period of residency required for non-Muslim communities from Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Bangladesh to be eligible for citizenship under the Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019?

<p>6 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following communities is exempt from provisions under the Foreigners Act, 1946 and the Passport Act, 1920 as per the Citizenship Amendment Act?

<p>Sikhs (A), Zoroastrians (B), Buddhists (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the chief architect of the Ram Mandir, known for previously designing the Akshardham Temple in Gujarat?

<p>Chandrakant Sompura (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ruling did the Supreme Court make in the 2019 case regarding the disputed site of the Babri Masjid?

<p>Hindu petitioners should get land for a temple (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which article of the Constitution expressly forbids dual citizenship in India?

<p>Article 9 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the National Register of Citizens as outlined in the discussion?

<p>To identify and deport unlawful immigrants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which government act was amended to exempt donations made through electoral bonds from disclosure requirements?

<p>Representation of the People Act, 1951 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many members, out of the total, have voting rights in the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust?

<p>11 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant event involving the Babri Masjid and Ram Janmabhoomi on December 6, 1992?

<p>Demolition of the Babri Masjid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which style of architecture inspires the design of the Ram Mandir?

<p>Gurjara-Chalukya style (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 8 degree channel in relation to Lakshadweep?

<p>It separates Minicoy Island from the Maldives. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Lakshadweep is correct?

<p>The capital of Lakshadweep is located on Kavaratti Island. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect distinguishes Minicoy Island in terms of language?

<p>It has a unique language written in Dhivehi script. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event occurred in 2012 regarding naval bases in Lakshadweep?

<p>INS Jatayu was established on Minicoy Island. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year was the name Lakshadweep officially adopted?

<p>1973 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geographical feature is noted about Pitti Island?

<p>It has been declared a bird sanctuary. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the demographic composition of Lakshadweep?

<p>93% of the population are indigenous Muslims. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which island is considered the second largest in Lakshadweep?

<p>Minicoy Island (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable diplomatic event involving Lakshadweep and the Maldives?

<p>The maritime boundary treaty signed in 1976. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bank opened its first private branch in Kavaratti Island?

<p>HDFC Bank (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act state regarding the right to move to court during a national emergency?

<p>It cannot be suspended when the emergency is declared based on Armed Rebellion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which film song made history by winning an Oscar at the 95th Academy Awards?

<p>Naatu Naatu (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amendments was NOT suggested during the recommendation for simultaneous elections?

<p>Removal of the five-year term limit. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key reason that prompted the declaration of a national emergency in 1975?

<p>Electoral malpractice ruling. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principal authority suggested that simultaneous elections are not feasible within the current constitutional framework?

<p>The 21st Law Commission. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first Indian to win an Academy Award for costume design?

<p>Bhanu Athaiya (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year was the first proclamation of a national emergency made in India?

<p>1962 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long can a national emergency continue without parliamentary approval?

<p>6 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which article of the Indian Constitution allows for the amendment of the duration of houses of Parliament?

<p>Article 83 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change was made regarding the declaration of emergency in the 44th Constitutional Amendment?

<p>Specified grounds for declaring emergency. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Chabahar Port Agreement

A 10-year agreement between India and Iran to manage the Shahid Beheshti terminal at Chabahar Port.

Strategic Location of Chabahar Port

Chabahar Port offers India access to Afghanistan and Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan, and challenging China's influence.

India's Overseas Port Management

Chabahar marks the first time India manages an overseas port.

Chabahar Port's Access to Indian Ocean

The port is crucial as it is the only Iranian port with direct access to the Indian Ocean.

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Shahid Beheshti Terminal

The part of Chabahar Port operated by India.

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Chabahar's Tripartite Agreement

A deal involving India, Iran, and Afghanistan to develop the Shaheed Beheshti terminal and a transport corridor.

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Chabahar Port's Bypassing Pakistan

The port gives India an alternative trade route to Afghanistan and Central Asia, avoiding Pakistan.

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Geopolitical Significance of Chabahar Port

Chabahar's strategic location counters China's influence in the region, particularly through the CPEC.

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Distance to Kandla Port

Kandla port (Gujarat) is approximately 550 nautical miles from Chabahar port.

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Chabahar's Deep Water Port

A deep-water port located at Chabahar, Iran.

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Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA)

A 2019 law allowing specific non-Muslim religious refugees from Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Bangladesh to apply for Indian citizenship after 6 years of residence.

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Electoral Bonds Scheme (EBS)

A system allowing anonymous donations to political parties, introduced in 2018. Disputed for its lack of transparency.

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Ram Mandir in Ayodhya

A newly constructed Hindu temple built at the site of the former Babri Masjid, following a Supreme Court ruling.

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Babri Masjid Demolition

The 1992 demolition of a mosque (Babri Masjid) in Ayodhya, triggering communal violence and legal disputes.

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Liberhan Commission

A one-man commission established to investigate the circumstances leading to the Babri Masjid demolition.

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National Population Register (NPR)

Indian government's database registering residents' details, used for various purposes, including citizenship verification.

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National Register of Citizens (NRC)

A register aimed at identifying and documenting Indian citizens, often used in connection with immigration procedures.

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Citizenship Act 1955

The main Indian law governing citizenship, having been amended several times, including by the CAA.

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5-judge bench of Supreme Court

A group of five Supreme Court judges hearing a specific case, often concerning significant legal disputes.

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Supreme Court

The highest court in India, final authority in legal disputes, deciding matters of national importance.

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Academy Awards

Annual American entertainment awards for film, presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

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India's Oscar Wins

Bhanu Athaiya, the first Indian, and AR Rahman are among Indians who've won Academy Awards during 1983, 2008, & 2023.

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Simultaneous Elections

Holding elections for the Lok Sabha and state assemblies at the same time, along with municipal and panchayat elections, aimed for 2029 by the high-level committee.

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National Emergency in India

A state of emergency declared by the President under Article 352, based on war, external aggression, or armed rebellion.

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1975 Emergency

A national emergency declared in India from June 25, 1975, to March 21, 1977, under Indira Gandhi's government.

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Article 358

During a national emergency, this article temporarily suspends certain fundamental freedoms under Article 19.

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Oscars 2023

The 95th Academy Awards.

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Constitutional Amendment

Changes to the Indian Constitution's fundamental laws.

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Minerva Mills Case

Supreme Court ruling that national emergency could be challenged on grounds of unfair use.

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Fixed-term Parliament Act (2011)

Legislation in Britain that sets a set term for elections

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Lakshadweep's Previous Name

The Lakshadweep islands were previously known as Laccadive, Minicoy, and Amindivi islands.

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Lakshadweep Formed

The Lakshadweep Islands were formed as a Union Territory in 1956.

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Lakshadweep's Capital

The capital city of Lakshadweep is Kavaratti.

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Northernmost Point

The northernmost point of Lakshadweep is Amindivi Island.

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Southernmost Point

The southernmost point of Lakshadweep is Minicoy Island, the second largest island.

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Maldives Separation

The 8-degree channel separates Minicoy Island from the Maldives.

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Lakshadweep Archipelago Separation

The 9-degree channel separates Minicoy Island from the main Lakshadweep archipelago.

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Lakshadweep's First Naval Base

The first naval base in Lakshadweep is INS Dweeprakshak, established in 2012.

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Lakshadweep's Second Naval Base

The second naval base in Lakshadweep is INS Jatayu, located on Minicoy Island.

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Languages Spoken in Lakshadweep

Malayalam is spoken on all the islands except Minicoy, where Mahali is spoken.

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Chabahar Port

A deep-water port in Iran, strategically located on the Gulf of Oman, providing India access to Afghanistan and Central Asia.

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Strategic Importance of Chabahar Port

Chabahar Port counters China's influence in the region by providing an alternative route to Central Asia and Afghanistan.

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India's Role in Chabahar Port

India manages the Shahid Beheshti terminal, marking their first time managing an overseas port.

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Chabahar-Zahedan Rail Line

A planned railway connecting Chabahar Port to Zahedan, further enhancing connectivity to Central Asia.

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Gulf of Oman

The strategic waterway connecting the Indian Ocean to the Persian Gulf, where Chabahar Port is located.

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Tripartite Agreement on Chabahar

An agreement between India, Iran, and Afghanistan to develop the Shahid Beheshti terminal and establish a transport corridor.

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India-Iran Friendship Treaty

India and Iran signed a treaty of friendship in 1950, strengthening their historical ties.

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Proposed Iran-Oman-India Underseas Gas Pipeline

A potential pipeline project to transport natural gas from Iran to India, boosting energy security.

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Farzad B Gas Project

A gas project in the Persian Gulf, where India and Iran sealed terms for development.

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CAA's Purpose

The Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) aims to grant citizenship to non-Muslim refugees from Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Bangladesh after 6 years of residence in India.

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CAA's Exceptions

The CAA does not apply to the tribal areas of Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Tripura, as outlined in the 6th Schedule of the Constitution.

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Assam Accord

The Assam Accord, signed in 1985, ended a long agitation by the All Assam Students' Union (AASU) demanding the identification and deportation of illegal immigrants who entered Assam after 1951.

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Supreme Court's Ruling on EBS

The Supreme Court ruled that EBS violates the Right to Information (RTI) and struck down amendments that allowed anonymous donations to political parties.

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Ram Mandir Construction

The Ram Mandir is being built at the site of the former Babri Masjid in Ayodhya. It is managed by the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust, formed after a Supreme Court verdict.

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Ram Mandir's Design

The Ram Mandir follows the Nagara style of architecture, drawing inspiration from the Gujara-Chalukya style. It features 360 pillars and is made entirely of stone.

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Babri Masjid's History

The Babri Masjid was built in 1528 by Mir Baqi, a Mughal commander. It was demolished in 1992, sparking controversy and legal disputes.

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Oscars

The annual Academy Awards, presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honoring excellence in filmmaking.

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First Indian Oscar Winner

Bhanu Athaiya, in 1983, won the Oscar for Best Costume Design for the film 'Gandhi'.

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One Nation One Election

A proposed system of holding elections for all levels of government - national, state, and local - on the same date to streamline the process.

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National Emergency

A state of emergency declared by the President in India under Article 352 to deal with situations of war, external aggression, or armed rebellion.

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Constitution Assassination Day

A day in India commemorating the 1975 Emergency, a period seen by some as a time when democratic rights were curtailed.

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In Memoriam Segment

A part of the Oscars ceremony where individuals who have passed away in the past year are remembered.

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Lakshadweep Islands: Former Name

The Lakshadweep islands were previously known as Laccadive, Minicoy, and Amindivi islands.

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Lakshadweep: Formation Date

The Lakshadweep Islands were formed as a Union Territory in 1956.

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What is the Capital of Lakshadweep?

The capital city of Lakshadweep is Kavaratti.

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Lakshadweep's Northernmost Point

The northernmost point of Lakshadweep is Amindivi Island.

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Lakshadweep: Southernmost Point

The southernmost point of Lakshadweep is Minicoy Island, the second largest island.

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Maldives and Minicoy Separation

The 8-degree channel separates Minicoy Island from the Maldives.

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Study Notes

Chabahar Port Agreement

  • A 10-year agreement between India Ports Global Limited (IPGL) and the Maritime Organisation of Iran was signed.
  • This replaces a 2016 pact, renewed annually.
  • Covers India's operations at the Shahid Beheshti terminal.
  • An MoU for Chabahar port development was signed in 2015.
  • Budget allocated for the Chabahar port: ₹100 crore.
  • Deep-water port, serving as a gateway to Afghanistan and Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan.
  • Counters China's influence, especially the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).
  • India manages an overseas port for the first time.
  • Located in Sistan-Baluchistan province, Gulf of Oman, mouth of Strait of Hormuz.
  • Two ports: Shahid Beheshti and Shahid Kalantari.
  • Only Iranian port with direct access to the Indian Ocean.
  • Project includes a rail line from Chabahar to Zahedan.
  • Currently operated by India Ports Global Chabahar Free Zone (IPGL subsidiary).
  • Distance from Kandla port (Gujarat) to Chabahar: 550 nautical miles (≈ 1018.5 km).
  • Distance between Chabahar and Mumbai: 786 nautical miles (≈ 1466 km).
  • Gulf of Oman also known as the Gulf of Makran.
  • Tripartite agreement (India, Iran, Afghanistan, 2016) to develop Shahid Beheshti and establish a transit corridor.
  • India-Iran friendship treaty established 1950.
  • Gas project Farzad B in Persian Gulf.
  • Proposed Iran-Oman-India undersea gas pipeline to facilitate clean energy.

Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA)

  • Amended version of the Citizenship Act of 1955.
  • Required 12 years of residence in India (originally).
  • Amended six times.
  • Regulates Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) cardholder registration.
  • Established legal framework for acquiring citizenship.
  • 2019 Act allows Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians (non-Muslims) from Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Bangladesh to become citizens after 6 years of residence.
  • Citizenship provisions in constitution, Part 2 (Articles 5-11), Union List.
  • Enacted November 26, 1949 (constitution adopted).
  • Applicants need six types of documents, and proof of entry before December 31, 2014.
  • Exempts CAA members from criminal cases under Foreigners Act (1946) and Passport Act (1920), but not in tribal areas.

Electoral Bonds Scheme (EBS)

  • Announced in the 2017 budget session.
  • Notified in 2018.
  • Supreme Court (Association for Democratic Reforms v. UOI, 2024) declared EBS violates RTI (right to information) under Article 19(1)(a).
  • Amendments to income tax act (1961), RPA (1951) made donations anonymous.
  • Section 29(c) of RPA mandated political party disclosure of donations over ₹20,000.
  • Companies Act (2013), section 182, imposed donation caps and disclosure.
  • Finance Act (2017) exempted EBS donations from disclosure, and removed 7.5% cap.
  • Bonds are available in ₹1000, ₹10,000, ₹1 lakh, ₹10 lakh, ₹1 crore denominations.
  • Eligible recipients: registered parties (section 29(a) of RPA,1951) and securing at least 1% of votes in recent elections.

Ram Mandir (Ayodhya)

  • At Ram Janmabhoomi site.
  • Managed by Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust (2020).
  • Chairman: Mahant Nritya Gopal, 15 Members (with voting rights: 11). 12 members nominated by Govt.
  • 3rd largest Hindu shrine.
  • Foundation laid on August 5, 2020.
  • Pran Pratishtha ceremony: January 22, 2024.
  • Nagara style architecture, inspired by Gujara-Chalukya.
  • 360 pillars, stone construction, 5 mandapas.
  • Main deity: Ram Lalla Virajman, infant form of Lord Rama.
  • 64 Chausath Yogis, 10 Dashavataras, 12 incarnations of Goddess Saraswati and incarnations of Shiva.
  • 161 ft high.
  • Chief architect: Chandrakant Sompura (also designed Akshardham Temple).

Babri Masjid History

  • Constructed in 1528 by Mir Baqi (Mughal commander).
  • One of three mosques constructed on Babur's orders in the 16th century.
  • Ram images brought into mosque by 1949, contributing to controversy.
  • Site was closed to both communities.
  • Demolished on December 6, 1992.
  • Legal journey began in 2002.
  • Allahabad High Court (2010): 2.77 acres divided among litigants, mainly favoring Hindu party.
  • Three key litigants: Sunni Board, Nirmohi Akhada, Ram Lalla.

Liberhan Commission of Inquiry

  • Appointed December 16, 1992 (10 days after demolition).
  • One-man commission, headed by Justice Manmohan Singh Liberhan.
  • Initially 3-month report, but extended for 48 times, India's longest report.

96th Academy Awards

  • Also known as the Oscars.
  • Presented annually by Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS).
  • First awards in 1929.
  • First broadcast (radio): 1930.
  • First televised ceremony: 1953.
  • Oldest of four major American entertainment awards (Emmy, Tony, Grammy).
  • Bhanu Athaiya (1983): First Indian Oscar (costume design for Gandhi).
  • Satyajit Ray (1992): Honorary Oscar.
  • Resul Pookutty and A. R. Rahman (2008): Oscars for sound mixing and original score (Slumdog Millionaire).
  • A. R. Rahman (multiple awards).
  • 95th Academy Awards: Naatu Naatu (RRR) – First Indian film song to win an Oscar.
  • 96th Academy Awards: “To Kill a Tiger” nominated.

One Nation One Election

  • High-level committee (Ram Nath Kovind) recommended simultaneous elections for Lok Sabha and state assemblies, and smaller elections within 100 days.
  • Proposed by 2029.
  • 18 constitutional and legislative amendments suggested.

Constitution Assassination Day & 1975 Emergency

  • June 25th marked as "Constitution Assassination Day".
  • 1975 emergency: June 25, 1975 – March 21, 1977.
  • Indira Gandhi's 1971 election victory declared invalid.
  • 38th CAA (1975): National emergency immune to judicial review (removed by 44th CAA, 1978).
  • Declared by President under Article 352 (reasons: war, external aggression, armed rebellion (internal).

Lakshadweep

  • Islands renamed Lakshadweep November 1, 1973.
  • Formed in 1956.
  • 36 islands, India's smallest UT.
  • Capital: Kavaratti.
  • Two naval bases (INS Dweeprakshak & INS Jatayu).
  • Agatti only island with airport.
  • 93% indigenous Muslims (Shafi school).
  • Maritime boundary treaty with Maldives (1976).

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Explore the details of the 10-year agreement between India Ports Global Limited and Iran's Maritime Organisation regarding the Chabahar port. This agreement aims to enhance India's operational capabilities at the Shahid Beheshti terminal, while also serving as a strategic counter to China's influence in the region. Delve into the significance of this deep-water port as a gateway to Afghanistan and Central Asia.

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