CH211-Industrial Chemistry: Ceramics and Pigments

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What is the primary function of inorganic pigments in daily life?

To manufacture clay ceramics

To provide a source of energy

To create a chemical reaction

To beautify and differentiate objects (correct)

When did the industrial manufacture of inorganic pigments based on chemical and physical knowledge start?

1800 (correct)

1500

2000

1900

What is the definition of a pigment?

A solid used to create a chemical reaction

A gas used to beautify objects

A powder used to add color or change visual appearance (correct)

A liquid used to add color

What is the primary area of application of Titanium Dioxide pigments?

Inorganic pigments Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 19th and 20th centuries in the development of inorganic pigments?

Most pigments were developed in the 19th and 20th centuries Signup and view all the answers

What is the general term for the physical and chemical processes related to the manufacturing of clay ceramics?

Physical: Chemical Processes Signup and view all the answers

What factor is most crucial in determining the color impression of a pigment in a given application?

Quality of the pigment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of producing inorganic pigments on an industrial scale?

Precipitation and solid-state reactions at high temperatures Signup and view all the answers

What drove the development of new color-imparting products in the nineteenth century?

Requirements for modern printing inks and industrial coatings Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of chemical processes in the production of colorants?

Easy and cost-effective access to improved colorants Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of modern inorganic pigments?

Reproducible quality Signup and view all the answers

What is the scale of production for modern inorganic pigments?

Ton-scale production for industrial applications Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical factor in determining the optical properties of a pigmented system?

Pigment volume concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest individual unit of a pigment or powder in general?

Primary particle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can vary to a great extent in pigmented systems?

The structure, size, and shape of particles Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a typical unit of a particle in pigments?

Agglomerate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties of the application medium affects the optical properties of a pigmented system?

Refractive index Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that affects the appearance of pigments?

The type of light source Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical range of the visible spectrum in nanometers?

400-750 nm Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the color in colored pigments?

Absorption of light Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a standard for white light?

Sunlight Signup and view all the answers

Why must color spaces specify their light source?

To compensate for non-uniform light spectra Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between pigments and dyes?

Pigments are insoluble in water while dyes are soluble. Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of ochre?

A mixture of ferric oxide and varying amounts of clay and sand. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mineral composition of lapis lazuli?

Lazurite, pyrite, and calcite. Signup and view all the answers

What is the historical significance of minerals as colorants?

They have been used since prehistoric times for aesthetic purposes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of raw sienna and burnt sienna?

Siena, Italy. Signup and view all the answers

What did chemists create based on the original pigments?

Modern colors. Signup and view all the answers