CH 4 - Motor Development Reflexes

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What reflex is triggered when a newborn is gently lowered feet-first to a surface?

Moro reflex

Grasping reflex

Rooting reflex

Stepping reflex (correct)

Why do we have reflexes according to the text?

To entertain newborns

To cause confusion in babies

To adapt and survive (correct)

To develop motor skills faster

Which theory of motor development states that motor activity can't take place until the brain is ready?

Behaviorist theory

Cognitive theory

Maturation theory (correct)

Social learning theory

What happens to Moro and stepping reflexes in the first few months of life?

They change in manifestation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example given in the text to support the notion that brain maturity is essential for certain motor activities?

Twin studies with stair climbing (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of schemes in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Interpreting new experiences and information (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemes in Piaget's theory?

Assimilation (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the A-not-B error, what is a possible explanation for infants continuing to search for an object in the initial hiding place despite seeing it moved to a different location?

Inability to mentally represent unseen objects (D) Signup and view all the answers

What role does memory play in contributing to the A-not-B error in infants according to recent research?

Leading to confusion between hiding spots A and B (B) Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive concept is primarily tested in the Drawbridge and Rolling Car experiments related to object permanence and solidity?

Recognition of object persistence over time (D) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes social agents from inanimate objects according to the text?

Action-at-a-distance, contingent responding, and goal attribution (A) Signup and view all the answers

At what age do infants typically start to show specific bonds to particular individuals, notably their parents?

6 to 7 months (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which theory focuses on explaining attachment through behavior and environmental reinforcement?

Learning Theory (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the behaviors that establish and maintain bonds between offspring and parents?

Attachment behaviors (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do infants demonstrate an understanding of goal-directed behavior according to the text?

By expecting hands or self-propelled blocks to have goals when approaching objects (A) Signup and view all the answers

What reaction do babies show when a screen moves through its entire range of motion despite a box being there?

Strong change in attention (A) Signup and view all the answers

What do babies expect solid objects to do when they interact with other objects?

Block or impede the movement (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between egocentric and allocentric spatial representation?

Egocentric is based on relation to oneself, while allocentric is based on relation to other landmarks (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of beacons in infants' spatial representation?

Act as objects located near other salient landmarks (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to nativists, what is an example of a bias infants might have when categorizing objects?

Bias favoring functional features over perceptual ones (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of vision in walking according to the text?

Vision helps with balance and provides feedback about movement speed and direction. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of infants' perceptual development related to objects?

Distinguishing inanimate from animate objects. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the stepping reflex sometimes not visible in children according to the text?

Because of weight gain making leg movement challenging. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does Piaget's view suggest about children's understanding of the world?

It is constructed through exploration and adaptation, minimizing the role of innate schemes. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do infants learn to coordinate their movements with what they perceive visually according to the text?

Through trial and error, associating muscle sensations with visual patterns over time. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role does the social smile play in the attachment bond between infants and caregivers?

It serves as a fundamental building block for attachment, fostering emotional bonds. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of contingent responding in forming attachment bonds?

It is crucial for forming attachment bonds by establishing give-and-take interactions. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do cultural influences impact patterns of contingent responding in caregiver-infant interactions?

Cultural practices can shape how caregivers respond to infant vocalizations. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the still-face experiment demonstrate about infant-caregiver interactions?

Disruptions in contingent responding can negatively impact the infant's emotional well-being. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why do infants expect caregivers to respond to their social cues according to the text?

To initiate bonding and maintain interactions with caregivers. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior exhibited by infants during the still-face phase highlights their vulnerability to disruptions in caregiver responsiveness?

Signs of distress, agitation, or withdrawal (B) Signup and view all the answers

What behavior helps infants adapt to new environments and understand social cues from others?

Joint attention and gaze following (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which attachment style is characterized by high levels of distress upon separation and ambivalence upon reunion?

Insecure-ambivalent attachment (Type C) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What behavior fosters secure attachment in infants according to the text?

Consistently meeting the infant's needs and providing comfort and support (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which method is widely used for measuring attachment styles in infants between 1 and 2 years old?

Strange Situation Procedure (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes infants with disorganized/disoriented attachment?

They may show signs of fear or confusion and lack a clear strategy for dealing with distress. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of parental interactions in the development of disorganized/disoriented attachment in infants?

Abusive, neglectful, or inconsistent behaviors from caregivers may evoke fear or confusion in infants. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an internal working model in attachment theory?

It influences how individuals interpret their social world based on early attachment experiences. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes basic emotions from complex emotions?

Basic emotions involve more sophisticated cognitive processes than complex emotions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do cultural influences impact emotional development?

Social and cultural contexts play a significant role in shaping emotions beyond basic levels. (C) Signup and view all the answers