Ch 11 Section 1 - The Civil War Begins
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Questions and Answers

What happened at Fort Sumter?

President Davis decided that the war should begin there.

What was the Anaconda Plan?

It called for a three-part assault on the Confederacy.

What was the significance of the Battle of Bull Run?

It was the first battle of the war and resulted in a Confederate victory.

What was the significance of the Battle of Antietam?

<p>It was the single most bloody battle in U.S. history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Stonewall Jackson earn his nickname?

<p>He held up well under stressful battle conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was George McClellan criticized for?

<p>He was criticized for being too cautious.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nickname did Ulysses S. Grant earn?

<p>Unconditional Surrender.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lesson did the Battle of Shiloh teach both sides?

<p>The necessity of sending out scouts, digging trenches, and building fortifications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was David G. Farragut known for?

<p>Taking control of much of the lower Mississippi after seizing New Orleans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Robert E. Lee known for?

<p>His determination and unusual tactics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A writ of ________________ is a court order that requires authorities to appear before a judge and show cause for jailing a prisoner.

<p>habeas corpus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Copperhead?

<p>A northern Democrat who supported peace with the South.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The riots that broke out among lower-class New York City workers in 1863 were in reaction to _____________

<p>Draft</p> Signup and view all the answers

Early in the war, the Confederacy tried to gain support from the nation of _______

<p>Britain</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the war, the _________ powers of the federal government were expanded.

<p>executive</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened at Chancellorsville?

<p>The Confederacy won an important battle when Lee outmaneuvered General Joseph Hooker.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of Stonewall Jackson's death?

<p>Robert E. Lee and the Confederate Army suffered a great loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Battle of Gettysburg considered the turning point of the Civil War?

<p>It crippled the Confederacy, making it impossible for them to invade the northern states again.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Gettysburg Address?

<p>A speech given by Abraham Lincoln during the dedication of a cemetery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the fall of Vicksburg achieve?

<p>It helped the Union to achieve its goal of cutting the Confederacy in two.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of William Tecumseh Sherman's march?

<p>It created a wide path of destruction and destroyed the morale of white Southerners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did George McClellan play in the 1864 election?

<p>He was nominated by the Democratic Party and ran against Lincoln.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Ulysses S. Grant's strategy during the war?

<p>He attacked Confederate troops repeatedly, despite heavy losses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did Robert E. Lee surrender?

<p>On April 9, 1865.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did the final surrender of the Confederate Army take place?

<p>At Appomattox Court House.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did William Tecumseh Sherman do after the Civil War?

<p>He remained in the army and spent most of his time fighting Native Americans in the West.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which states did the Emancipation Proclamation free slaves in?

<p>Confederate states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the National Bank Act of 1863?

<p>It helped business and made banking safer for investors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 1881, Clara Barton helped found the American branch of the ________, an agency whose aim is to relieve human suffering.

<p>Red Cross</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the 13th Amendment achieve?

<p>It abolished slavery throughout the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Fort Sumter

The first battle of the Civil War. Its bombardment marked the beginning of the war.

Anaconda Plan

A Union strategy to defeat the Confederacy by blockading its ports, controlling the Mississippi River, and cutting off supplies.

Bull Run

The first major battle of the Civil War, where the Union was defeated by the Confederacy.

Antietam

The deadliest single-day battle in U.S. history. It resulted in a Union victory, but was a costly one.

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Stonewall Jackson

A Confederate general known for his courage and bravery. He earned his nickname for his steadfastness in battle.

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George McClellan

The Union commander known for caution and careful planning. He faced criticism from Lincoln for his slow advance.

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Ulysses S. Grant

A Union general known for his aggressive tactics and determination. He was instrumental in the Union's victory in the West.

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Shiloh

A brutal battle highlighting the need for proper reconnaissance and defense.

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David G. Farragut

A Union admiral who captured New Orleans, giving the Union control of the Mississippi River.

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Robert E. Lee

A brilliant Confederate general known for his tactical genius. He successfully defended Richmond but lost key battles.

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Habeas Corpus

A legal right that guarantees a prisoner can be challenged in a court of law.

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Copperhead

Northern Democrats who favored peace with the Confederacy, showing divisions within the North.

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Draft Riots

Riots that broke out in New York City in 1863 due to discontent with conscription laws. They highlighted class tensions.

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Chancellorsville

A major Confederate victory where Lee outmaneuvered Union forces, highlighting his tactical brilliance.

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Loss of Stonewall Jackson

His accidental death was a severe blow to the Confederacy, weakening their morale and strategic planning.

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Gettysburg

A turning point in the Civil War, where the Confederacy was defeated, marking the end of their invasion of the North.

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Gettysburg Address

A speech by Lincoln honoring the fallen soldiers at Gettysburg, reaffirming the principles of equality and democracy.

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Vicksburg

A city captured by the Union, splitting the Confederacy and securing control of the Mississippi River.

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William Tecumseh Sherman

A Union general known for his destructive march through Georgia, aimed at weakening the Confederacy's morale and resources.

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End of Civil War

The Confederacy surrendered to the Union on April 9, 1865, marking the end of the Civil War.

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National Bank Act of 1863

A law that reformed the banking system and promoted financial stability after the Civil War.

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Red Cross

An organization founded in 1881 to provide relief in times of human suffering and disasters.

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13th Amendment

A constitutional amendment that abolished slavery in the United States.

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What was the Anaconda Plan?

The Union's strategic plan to defeat the Confederacy by blockading its ports, controlling the Mississippi River, and cutting off supplies.

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How did the loss of Stonewall Jackson affect the Confederacy?

His accidental death was a severe blow to the Confederacy, weakening their morale and strategic planning.

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Who was Ulysses S. Grant and why was he important?

He was a Union general known for his aggressive tactics and determination. He was instrumental in the Union's victory in the West. He was also the Union's commander-in-chief for the final two years of the war.

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What were the Draft Riots?

Riots that broke out in New York City in 1863 due to discontent with conscription laws. They highlighted class tensions.

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Why was the Battle of Gettysburg significant?

It was a turning point in the Civil War, where the Confederacy was defeated, marking the end of their invasion of the North.

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How did the Civil War affect the U.S. banking system?

The Civil War led to the National Bank Act of 1863, which reformed the banking system and promoted financial stability.

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Study Notes

Key Battles and Figures

  • Fort Sumter: The starting point of the Civil War where President Lincoln tried to resupply with food, but President Davis opted to initiate conflict.
  • Anaconda Plan: A strategic three-pronged approach devised to defeat the Confederacy through blockades and territorial control.
  • Bull Run: The first major battle of the war, marked by inexperienced troops and ended in a Confederate victory.
  • Antietam: Known as the deadliest single-day battle in U.S. history.
  • Stonewall Jackson: A Confederate general recognized for his ability to remain composed under pressure, earning him the nickname "Stonewall."
  • George McClellan: Appointed to command the Army of the Potomac, known for his cautious nature and facing criticism from Lincoln.

Strategy and Leadership

  • Ulysses S. Grant: Union general famed for his aggressive tactics and tenacity, leading the charge in Western Tennessee and earning the nickname "unconditional surrender."
  • Shiloh: A brutal battle illustrating the need for better reconnaissance and fortification practices.
  • David G. Farragut: An admiral who captured New Orleans, significantly aiding in the Union’s control of the Mississippi River.
  • Robert E. Lee: Noted for his tactical brilliance, he successfully defended Richmond but faced significant losses at Antietam.

Political Context and Social Issues

  • Habeas Corpus: A legal principle ensuring that a prisoner can be challenged in court.
  • Copperhead: Northern Democrats advocating for peace with the Confederacy, showing divisions within the North.
  • Draft Riots: Erupted in 1863 in New York City due to discontent with conscription laws, illustrating class tensions.

Major Events and Consequences

  • Chancellorsville: A significant Confederate victory achieved by outmaneuvering Union General Hooker, showcasing Lee’s tactical skills.
  • Loss of Stonewall Jackson: His accidental death dealt a severe blow to Confederate morale and strategy.
  • Gettysburg: A pivotal three-day battle viewed as the turning point of the Civil War, crippling the Confederate army's ability to invade the North.
  • Gettysburg Address: A speech by Lincoln honoring the fallen soldiers and reaffirming the principles of equality and democracy.

Conclusion of War

  • Vicksburg: The fall of this city, along with Port Hudson, marked the Union's success in splitting the Confederacy.
  • William Tecumseh Sherman: Notable for his destructive march through Georgia, aimed at demoralizing the South and disrupting supply lines.
  • End of Civil War: Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865, signifying the war's conclusion.

Post-War Developments

  • National Bank Act of 1863: Introduced reforms to stabilize the banking system and promote business safety.
  • Red Cross: Founded by Clara Barton in 1881 to provide relief during human suffering and disasters.
  • 13th Amendment: Abolished slavery throughout the United States, a critical milestone in American history.

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Description

Explore key concepts and terms from Chapter 11, Section 1 of your Civil War studies. This quiz covers important events and strategies that marked the beginning of the Civil War, such as Fort Sumter, the Anaconda Plan, and the Battle of Bull Run. Test your knowledge and understanding of this pivotal time in American history.

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