Questions and Answers
With materials like raw cotton, grains, powders, and coal, caution should be taken to avoid __________________ with special handling equipment such as conveyors.
heat of friction
Which of these is suggested when addressing flammable liquids in a semiconductor manufacturing plant?
Which of the following is true about the exhaust ducts found in semiconductor cleanrooms?
In addition to fire protection systems, basic considerations and safeguards for industrial refrigeration systems include which of these?
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Some fuel gases are used in hot work processes such as oxyfuel gas welding (OFW). Which of the following has the lowest neutral flame temperature?
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Travel time can be described as a function of ____________ and ___________ to the exit and will vary among occupants.
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What equation describes the characteristics of crowd movement?
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In analyzing the behavior of an individual involved in decision making during a fire, these processes are constantly being modified in relation to which of these?
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Which decision-making model evolved from studies of decision makers (such as fire officers) in complex, time-critical situations?
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The movement speed of an evacuating crowd is a function of:
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Which factor should not be underestimated as a contributor to total evacuation time?
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Which of the following is a type of evacuation model?
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Based on the average walking speeds for various categories of users in shopping centers, which of these user categories has the fastest average walking speed?
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The conceptual model of decision making reduces the six decision processes to three phases, including which of these?
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Select which factor applies to delay in evacuation.
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Which of the following provides regulations for protection in semiconductor manufacturing facilities?
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Water mist systems are used to extinguish fires of which classification?
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Which one of these is not one of the three operating principles used in gas-sensing fire detectors or multisensory detectors?
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Which of these are used to provide information to occupants of a building or area for a variety of threats and emergencies?
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Air sampling-type smoke detection systems use what detection principle?
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A key element in residential fire protection is the development and practice of a family escape plan. NFPA provides information on how to formulate this plan in its ____________ materials.
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Which type of smoke detector is used to protect larger spaces, such as atriums, auditoriums or manufacturing areas?
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Of the three types of fire alarm systems, which type indicates a fault in a monitored circuit or component of the fire alarm system or the disarrangement of the primary or secondary power supply?
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Which of the following does not require the operation of the device being inspected, but it does require that a written record be made of the observed status of the device?
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Which electrically operated waterflow alarm initiating device is inserted into the riser just above the point at which the water supply piping enters the building from underground?
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Mutual aid plans, pacts, or agreements are created among fire and rescue services, and other emergency responders to lend assistance across ____________ boundaries.
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When an officer must determine the relative importance of size-up factors, which of the following is considered to be an operational priority?
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Public safety telecommunicators should be temperamentally suited to the position. Which of the following is an ability needed for this role?
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Fire prevention and code enforcement on the municipal, county, and state/provincial levels encompasses a variety of functions. Successful implementation of these functions relies on which of these?
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Which part of a communication network is where requests for emergency assistance are received and translated into an appropriate response, and which provides logistical support to the responding units?
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When gathering data for pre-incident planning, which of these is important to establish incident priorities and tactical operations?
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Which of the following are specialized operations that can include the activities of rescue, fire suppression, and property conservation at incidents involving fires producing very high levels of radiant heat, as well as conductive and convective heat?
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Which level of fire service instructor has demonstrated the knowledge and ability to deliver instruction from prepared lesson plans, and adapt lesson plans to the unique requirements of the students and AHJ?
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Special apparatus and equipment may be required to deliver a wide variety of response services. Special apparatus for spills of chemicals and petroleum should be considered for which of these?
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On construction sites, which of these should be installed as quickly as possible to assist in fire-fighting efforts?
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Which standard specifies the procedures for removal from service or retirement of PPE?
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There are eight elements of central station fire alarm service. Which four are at the protected premises?
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Which type of the fire alarm system indicates that action is needed with operation of other fire protection systems and/or that guards need to make a fire patrol tour?
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A fire protection engineer should develop a detailed fire alarm system design, based on a combination of three primary goals: life safety, property protection and which of these?
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In addition to a primary power supply, emergency voice/alarm communications systems must have 24 hours of standby power, followed by _____________ of emergency operation.
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Which of the following sets the PPE requirements for emergency responders, health care workers, and others to prevent contact with blood-borne pathogens?
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In a low-hazard storage occupancy (whether sprinklered or unsprinklered), the maximum travel distance to an exit is:
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Uniform Building Code requires new hotels with _________ sleeping rooms, regardless of height, to be protected with automatic sprinklers and active fire protection systems.
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Specially sized windows for fire department rescue are required for educational occupancies, where classrooms are:
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Four categories of occupant characteristics influence the ability to survive in a fire. Which of the following is one of those categories?
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The maximum travel distance to an exit in a sprinklered warehouse, with high-hazard contents is:
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High-rise buildings, where smoke management systems are integrated with _______________, require special design considerations including; fail-safe devices and adequate controls, acceptance testing, and ongoing maintenance.
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Life safety goals and objectives identify the fundamental purpose of assessing life safety in buildings. Meeting these goals and objectives is what the _________ is intended to help achieve.
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In buildings housing residential occupancies, such as an apartment, with four or fewer stories, automatic fire protection systems shall be installed according to:
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The FPH indicates that a high-rise building is defined as a building where the floor of an occupiable story is greater than __________ above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access.
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In terms of fuel loads in typical health care facilities, the total average combustible contents per square foot (square meters) in a laundry and clothes storage area is:
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In which occupancy does the egress system consist of a means of escape, which does not meet the strict definition of a means of egress, but does provide a safe way out?
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According to the FPH, what NFIRS occupancy classification are convents, bunkhouses, workers' barracks and nursing quarters?
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In modern, high-rise apartment buildings, the introduction of required areas of refuge serve three purposes. Which of the following is one of them?
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The corridor construction in a nonsprinklered day-care occupancy should be separated by walls with a _____________ fire resistance rating?
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In addition to NFPA 855, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Energy Storage Systems, which of these provides requirements related to photovoltaic and other energy storage systems (ESS)?
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Ventilation at flashover becomes controlled by the size of the room openings and the position of the layer ___________, the effective ventilation area of the opening is _____________.
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The fire is considered to be in the stead-state stage, when which of these is constant?
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A nearby university is building a new dormitory, with state-of-the-art sprinkler and suppression systems. What is the travel distance limit for this occupancy?
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Because the effective control of residential fires often depends on a single sprinkler in the room of fire origin, the distribution of residential sprinklers must be _____________ than that of standard spray sprinklers.
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Tools that can be used in the life safety assessment process include fire code requirements, fire scenarios, and which of the following?
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Which of these is a type of public fire protection, which is contracted and provides protection to rural or suburban areas that might otherwise have difficulty maintaining effective and experienced fire-fighting forces?
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Although cities normally supply water to a building site, the supply water pressure may not be sufficient during a fire event. What alternative means should be part of the fire protection design?
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The fire hazards of a given material stem from the material itself. Regardless of form, a material can be evaluated in terms of which of these?
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According to a table in the FPH, what is the minimum installation clearance for steam pipes carrying steam at pressures above 15psig, but not over 500 psig?
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Which fire alarm system provides the interface between a protected premises fire alarm system and a public fire reporting system?
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Central heating furnaces can cause fires due to inadequate clearances to combustibles, and which of the following?
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One descriptor of a hazard is the maximum amount of energy produced as heat per unit weight of material burned. This quantity is known as:
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The fire hazards of a building may relate to its type of construction. In the United States, construction is classified according to subtypes derived from how many fundamental construction types?
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Prior to conducting a risk assessment and analysis at a local community center building, you consult with which of these to guide you in your evaluation?
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Major life safety strategies include fire prevention, fire management, and which of these?
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You are performing risk assessment and analysis of a facility. Which of these describes the first step in the risk assessment process?
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Many commercial cooking establishments have grease extraction or control devices downstream of the hood to remove grease and odors from the effluent stream. Where are most of these devices installed?
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When assessing life safety in buildings, the qualified evaluator must have a good understanding of a range of concepts, including which of these?
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Environmental hazards to a facility involve natural disasters, which are the primary focus of which entities?
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Which of these addresses FSES, the fire risk indexing approach for certain occupancies?
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You are reviewing risk factors and safety strategies for a residential board and care facility, where elderly persons go for rehabilitation after surgery. You want to use the fire safety concepts tree in your review. Which of these do you consult?
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Which of the following describes the mitigation phase of emergency preparedness management?
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The typical priorities in fire risk management involve which of these?
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Which of the following improve ignition control, enhance the fire performance of a material, and may have benefits for fire protection system installations?
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Which phase of emergency preparedness management involves implementing plans and procedures to return to order, and consideration for mitigation of future events?
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You are performing an inspection of a new three-story apartment building. What is the minimum allowance for fire-resistance rating for a heating vent passing through the multiple floors of this building?
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The hazards of a building may relate to its type of construction. Building construction is classified based on the _______________________ of the materials used?
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Which of these describes the response phase of emergency preparedness management?
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Which phase of emergency preparedness management may be defined as a balance between the public sector, private sector, and the general public?
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Gas-tight containers used for storage of gases must address temperature, pressure conditions, and which of these?
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Smoke generation from a given polymer may vary widely, depending on the nature of the polymer and which of these?
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It is important for a fire protection professional to understand explosion prevention and protection. Which of the following conditions is necessary to initiate deflagration?
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In a computer room that also contains paper and other ordinary combustibles, which of these extinguishers should be provided?
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Smoke is a threat to life safety. The nature and concentration of the generated smoke depend on which of the following factors?
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In indoor and outdoor warehouse storage locations, containing materials of ordinary fire hazard, which diesel fuel vehicles are approved?
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Reasonable requirements to protect semiconductor facilities from a fire or related hazards include which of these?
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Principles of good storage practice for chemicals include segregation, and which of these?
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The particulates and aerosols produced from combustion and pyrolysis can be hazardous to occupants. In well-ventilated flaming fires, nearly all the carbon lost from the combustibles is converted to which of these gases?
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Type E electrical industrial trucks are approved and listed for use in which occupancy?
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How does good housekeeping assist in fire prevention and protection?
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In addition to being pyrophoric, several gases used in semiconductor processes, such as arsine, phosphine, and diborane:
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According to a table in the FPH on ignition sources in dust explosions, which of these caused the highest percentage of dust explosions in Germany?
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Fire protection safeguards for gas storage revolve around which of these?
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Tank vehicle and tank car loading and unloading stations for Class 1 liquids should be located at what minimum distance from storage tanks and other plant buildings?
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Study Notes
Fire Safety Regulations and Standards
- NFPA 318: Provides regulations for protection in semiconductor manufacturing facilities.
- OSHA: Sets PPE requirements for emergency responders and healthcare workers to prevent exposure to blood-borne pathogens.
Firefighting Equipment and Systems
- Water Mist Systems: Effective against Class A and Class B fires.
- Photoelectric Smoke Detectors: Ideal for protecting larger spaces such as auditoriums and manufacturing areas.
- Air Sampling Smoke Detection: Utilizes photoelectric light-scattering detection principle.
- Standpipe and Hose Systems: Should be installed quickly on construction sites to facilitate firefighting efforts.
Fire Alarm Systems and Notifications
- Mass Notification Systems: Provide occupants with information during emergencies and various threats.
- Trouble Alarms: Indicate faults in monitored circuits or disarrangements in power supply.
- Auxiliary Fire Alarm Systems: Interface between premises fire alarm systems and public fire reporting systems.
- Supervisory Alarm Systems: Signal that action is needed regarding other fire protection systems.
Inspection and Maintenance
- Inspections: For signaling systems require a written record without requiring the operation of the device.
- Inspection Frequency: Central station fire alarm services include installation, testing, maintenance, and runner service.
Firefighting Strategies and Priorities
- Operational Priorities: Extinguishment is considered a critical factor in determining size-up during incidents.
- Proximity Fire-Fighting Operations: Involves rescue, fire suppression, and property conservation during high-heat incidents.
Building Codes and Occupancy Regulations
- Residential Fire Protection: NFPA materials provide guidance on family escape planning through EDITH.
- Construction Standards: New hotels with 20 or more sleeping rooms must have automatic sprinklers; special windows for educational occupancies are required for classrooms larger than 250 ft².
- Maximum Travel Distance: In high-hazard warehouse settings, is limited to 100 ft; dormitories have a limit of 325 ft due to advanced sprinkler systems.
Fire Risks and Preventive Measures
- Hazard Evaluation: Fire hazards stem from the materials themselves and include ignition potential considerations.
- Pellets and Aerosols from Combustion: Invented smoke can produce hazardous conditions, with carbon dioxide as the main emission in well-ventilated flaming fires.
- Specialized Storage for Chemicals: Must include protection against physical damage and segregation of flammable materials.
Life Safety and Emergency Preparedness
- Life Safety Goals: Focus on protecting lives through evaluation systems and effective building assessments.
- Emergency Preparedness Phases: Include preparedness, mitigate risks, respond to emergencies, and implement recovery plans.
- Occupant Management Strategies: Essential for safety in facilities such as board and care centers catering to elderly individuals.
Fire Protection at Facilities
- Semiconductor Facilities: Must consider production equipment and related hazards; exhaust ducts are typically fiberglass reinforced plastic.
- Chemical and Flammable Liquid Management: Includes the use of proper storage cabinets and keeping away from ignition sources.
Fire Behavior and Crowd Movement Analysis
- Travel Time Calculation: Depends on occupants' speed and distance to exits.
- Crowd Dynamics: Influence of speed, density, and width in movement during emergencies, described by Flow = Speed x Density x Width.
Special Considerations for Fire Hazards
- Deflagration Conditions: Require a fuel concentration between upper and lower combustible limits for initiation.
- Construction Type Evaluation: Involves assessing the degree of fire resistance based on material composition.
Important Fire Standards and Manuals
- NFPA 101: Declares occupancy classifications for settings like dormitories and residential facilities.
- NFPA 855 and NFPA 1: Provide standards for stationary energy storage systems and other energy storage-related requirements.
Conclusion
Understanding these critical aspects of fire safety enhances preparedness, response, and prevention strategies in various environments, ultimately prioritizing the safety and protection of lives and property.### Naturalistic Model
- A framework that seeks to understand behaviors and phenomena in real-world settings rather than controlled environments.
Crowd Movement Speed
- The movement speed of an evacuating crowd is influenced by its density; higher density often leads to slower movement.
Evacuation Time Components
- Travel time comprises less than 25% of the overall evacuation duration; premovement time, which is the time taken to prepare and start moving, is a significant contributor.
Evacuation Models
- Various models exist to analyze and predict evacuation behaviors; one prominent type is the movement model, which focuses on the dynamics of crowd flow.
Average Walking Speeds
- In shopping centers, older adults walking alone exhibit the fastest average walking speed compared to other user categories.
Decision Making Phases
- The conceptual model of decision-making in emergencies simplifies the process into three main phases, one of which is coping behavior, reflecting how individuals manage stress and make choices.
Delay Times in Evacuation
- Variations in evacuation delay times can be influenced by external factors such as the time of day and weather conditions, impacting overall evacuation efficiency.
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Description
Test your knowledge with the CFPS practice exam flashcards. This quiz covers important regulations and fire safety practices such as NFPA 318 and various fire extinguisher classifications. Ideal for those preparing for the CFPS certification.
