CFII PTS Section 2 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What are the three primary flight instruments that rely on the pitot-static system for air pressure data?

The airspeed indicator, the altimeter, and the vertical speed indicator.

What is the primary function of the Attitude Indicator (AI) in an aircraft's instrument panel?

Shows the aircraft's pitch and roll relative to the horizon.

Which flight instrument indicates the aircraft's current heading relative to magnetic north?

Heading Indicator (HSI).

What are the factors that make the magnetic compass less accurate?

Susceptibility to errors from various factors like deviation and variation. Signup and view all the answers

In regards to magnetic compasses, what is the error deviation?

The difference between the magnetic heading indicated by the compass and the actual magnetic heading of the aircraft. Signup and view all the answers

In regards to magnetic compasses, what is the error variation?

The angular difference between true north and magnetic north. Signup and view all the answers

What is the operational difference between the turn coordinator and the turn-and-slip indicator?

The turn coordinator indicates the rate and direction of a turn, while the turn-and-slip indicator shows the rate of turn and skidding/slipping tendencies. Signup and view all the answers

What type of electrical system does the Piper Archer have, and what components provide electrical power?

The Piper Archer has a 28-volt DC electrical system, supplied by a 70-amp, engine-driven alternator and a 24-volt lead-acid battery. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vacuum system in an aircraft, and which instruments does it typically power?

The vacuum system powers gyroscopic instruments like the attitude indicator and heading indicator. Signup and view all the answers

What are the different formats in which engine instrument information can be displayed on the electronic engine instrument display?

Analog, digital, graphic, or any combination of these formats. Signup and view all the answers

What essential flight instruments are typically displayed on the Primary Flight Display (PFD)?

Airspeed, altitude, attitude, and heading. Signup and view all the answers

What type of information does a VHF Omni-Directional Radio Range (VOR) ground station provide to aircraft, and how is it transmitted?

The VOR ground station transmits azimuth information to the aircraft, providing 360-degree courses TO and FROM the VOR station. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main underlying operating principle of an aircraft's Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)?

It measures the distance from the aircraft to the DME ground station. Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the Instrument Landing System (ILS) that provide lateral and vertical guidance to aircraft during approach and landing?

The localizer provides horizontal guidance and the glideslope provides vertical guidance. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of marker beacons typically used in an ILS approach, and what are their respective indications as an aircraft passes over them?

Outer marker (blinking blue light and continuous dots), middle marker (blinking amber light and continuous dots), inner marker (blinking white light and continuous dashes). Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of an Automatic Direction Finder (ADF) in aircraft navigation?

To determine the direction of a ground-based Non-Directional Beacon (NDB). Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an aircraft's transponder, and how does it enhance air traffic control radar detection?

To respond to radar interrogations by transmitting a unique code. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an electronic flight instrument system (EFIS)?

To present flight information digitally, including attitude, altitude, airspeed, and navigation data. Signup and view all the answers

How many Earth-orbiting satellites make up the Global Positioning System (GPS), and what is the minimum number of satellites visible from anywhere on Earth at any given time for accurate positioning?

The GPS comprises 31 operational satellites, with a minimum of four satellites visible from anywhere on Earth. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Flight Management System (FMS) in an aircraft?

To facilitate flight planning, navigation, and management. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Multifunction Display (MFD) in an aircraft?

To consolidate various information and present it on one screen. Signup and view all the answers

What are deicing boots, and where are they typically located on an aircraft?

Inflatable rubber boots on the leading edge of wings, tail, and sometimes other surfaces. Signup and view all the answers

What are deicing boots, and how do they function in the context of propellers or rotor blades?

Inflatable rubber boots that break accumulated ice when activated. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of engine anti-ice systems in aircraft, specifically in relation to the air intake?

To prevent ice formation at the air intake. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fuel heaters in an aircraft's fuel system?

To prevent freezing of the fuel. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pitot heat in an aircraft's pitot-static system?

To prevent ice buildup in the pitot tube and static ports. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of weather radar in an aircraft?

To send out radio waves to detect precipitation. Signup and view all the answers

What type of weather advisories are issued to advise en route aircraft of potentially hazardous weather?

SIGMETs. Signup and view all the answers

What are SIGMETs?

Severe weather advisories containing meteorological information concerning the safety of all aircraft. Signup and view all the answers

What are AIRMETs?

Weather advisories alerting pilots to potential hazards other than convective activity. Signup and view all the answers

What is hypoxia?

Insufficient oxygen reaching body tissues. Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperventilation?

Increased rate and depth of breathing. Signup and view all the answers

What are common symptoms experienced by individuals with middle ear or sinus problems during changes in altitude?

Pressure or pain in the ears or sinuses. Signup and view all the answers

What is spatial disorientation?

Confusion about one's position or motion in space. Signup and view all the answers

What causes motion sickness?

Conflicting sensory signals to the brain. Signup and view all the answers

How does alcohol consumption affect a pilot's ability to fly?

Impairs judgment, coordination, and reaction time. Signup and view all the answers

How does carbon monoxide (CO) primarily affect the body?

Binds with red blood cells, reducing their ability to carry oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

Which gas, when breathed at increased pressure and then ascended too quickly, can lead to decompression sickness (DCS)?

Nitrogen. Signup and view all the answers

Why is decompression sickness harmful when flying?

It causes nitrogen bubbles in tissues to expand, leading to severe complications. Signup and view all the answers

How can stress affect a pilot's performance?

Impairs judgment and decision-making. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 14 CFR Part 61?

To outline the certification requirements for pilots, flight instructors, and ground instructors. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 14 CFR Part 71?

It deals with the establishment, amendment, and revocation of controlled airspace areas. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 14 CFR Part 91?

It covers general operating and flight rules for civil aircraft in the United States. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 14 CFR Part 95?

It deals with IFR altitude and routes, specifically high-altitude instrument routes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 14 CFR Part 97?

It contains standards for instrument approach procedures (IAPs) and takeoff minimums. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Instrument Flying Handbook?

To offer guidance for pilots and instructors in instrument flight principles and procedures. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM)?

To serve as a guide for flight procedures, air traffic control, regulations, and general aeronautical knowledge. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Practical Test Standards (PTS)?

To guide evaluators in conducting standardized practical tests for pilots. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Airport Facility Directory (A/FD)?

To offer critical data aiding flight planning, navigation, and operational decision-making for pilots. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Standard Instrument Departures (SIDs)?

To transition aircraft from the terminal area to en route navigation after takeoff. Signup and view all the answers

What do Standard Terminal Arrivals (STARs) primarily assist aircraft with?

Safe and orderly arrivals at busy airports. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of En Route Charts?

To serve as navigation aids for safe and efficient travel between departure and arrival points. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Standard Instrument Approach Procedure (SIAP) charts?

To outline procedures and guidelines for pilots to safely approach and land at an airport under instrument flight rules (IFR). Signup and view all the answers

What are the different types of cloud coverages in aviation?

SKC (Sky clear), FEW (Few), SCT (Scattered), BKN (Broken), OVC (Overcast). Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Flight Instruments and Systems

The pitot-static system provides data for airspeed indicator, altimeter, and vertical speed indicator.
The Attitude Indicator (AI) displays aircraft's pitch and roll relative to the horizon.
Heading Indicator indicates the aircraft's current heading relative to magnetic north.

Magnetic Compass Characteristics

Magnetic compass accuracy is influenced by deviation and variation.
Deviation error is caused by the aircraft's magnetic fields impacting compass readings.
Variation error represents the angular difference between true north and magnetic north, subject to location changes.

Turn Indicators

Turn coordinator shows rate and direction of a turn; turn-and-slip indicator shows rate of turn and skidding/slipping tendencies.

Electrical Systems in Aircraft

Piper Archer operates on a 28-volt DC system powered by a 70-amp alternator and 24-volt battery.

Vacuum System and Gyroscopic Instruments

Vacuum systems power gyroscopic instruments like the attitude and heading indicators by spinning gyroscopes with drawn air.

Engine Instrument Displays

Engine instrument information can be displayed in analog, digital, graphic, or combined formats.

Primary Flight Display (PFD)

PFD offers intuitive display of essential flight data like airspeed, altitude, attitude, and heading.

VHF Omni-Directional Radio Range (VOR) ground stations transmit azimuth information, providing courses relative to the station.
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) measures the slant range distance from the aircraft to the DME station.

Instrument Landing System

Instrument Landing System (ILS) provides lateral and vertical guidance through localizer and glideslope.

Marker Beacons in ILS

ILS marker beacons include outer, middle, and inner markers, each providing specific visual and aural signals upon crossing.

Automatic Direction Finder (ADF)

ADF facilitates non-precision navigation, identifying direction to ground-based Non-Directional Beacons (NDB).

Aircraft Transponder

Transponders enhance radar detection by responding with a unique code, aiding identification and altitude reporting.

Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS)

EFIS presents critical flight data digitally, often replacing traditional analog instruments for better readability.

Global Positioning System (GPS)

The GPS comprises 31 operational satellites, requiring four visible satellites for accurate positioning with about 7-meter accuracy.

Flight Management System (FMS)

FMS aids in flight planning, navigation, and management for pilots.

Multifunction Display (MFD)

MFD consolidates various flight information onto one screen for easier access.

Deicing Systems

Deicing boots on leading edges inflate to break up ice, and anti-ice systems prevent airflow disruptions at the air intake.

Aircraft Safety Systems

Fuel heaters prevent freezing of fuel, and pitot heat prevents ice buildup in the pitot-static system.
Weather radar detects precipitation, helping pilots navigate around storms.

Weather Advisory Types

SIGMETs provide advisories on severe weather affecting all aircraft.
AIRMETs notify pilots of potential hazards except convective activity, with three types indicating IFR, turbulence, and icing.

Physiological Factors During Flight

Hypoxia refers to insufficient oxygen reaching body tissues; hyperventilation is an increased rate of breathing.
Common issues during altitude changes include ear or sinus pressure and pain.
Spatial disorientation involves confusion regarding body position; motion sickness arises from conflicting sensory signals.

Alcohol and Carbon Monoxide Effects

Alcohol impairs judgment and reaction time; carbon monoxide reduces oxygen-carrying capability of red blood cells.
Breathing nitrogen at high pressure followed by rapid ascent can lead to decompression sickness (DCS).

Pilot Performance Under Stress

Stress negatively impacts judgment and decision-making abilities during flight.

Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR)

14 CFR Part 61: Outlines certification requirements for pilots and instructors.
14 CFR Part 71: Establishes controlled airspace areas.
14 CFR Part 91: Covers general operating and flight rules for civil aviation.
14 CFR Part 95: Addresses IFR routes, specifically high-altitude instrument routes.
14 CFR Part 97: Contains standards for instrument approach procedures.

Aviation Guides and Manuals

The Instrument Flying Handbook provides instrument flight principles and procedures guidance.
The Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) serves as a comprehensive guide for flight procedures and regulations.
Practical Test Standards (PTS) assist evaluators in standardized pilot testing.
The Airport Facility Directory (A/FD) provides essential data for flight planning and navigation.

Standard Departure and Arrival Procedures

Standard Instrument Departures (SIDs) guide aircraft transitioning from terminal areas to en route navigation.
Standard Terminal Arrivals (STARs) ensure safe arrivals at busy airports.

Instrument Approach Procedures

En Route Charts serve navigation aids for aircraft during transit.
Standard Instrument Approach Procedure (SIAP) charts outline landing protocols under IFR.

Cloud Coverage Types

SKC: No clouds; FEW: 1/8 to 2/8 covered; SCT: 3/8 to 4/8 covered; BKN: 5/8 to 7/8 is the ceiling; OVC: 8/8 covered. Each 1/8 coverage is called an Okta.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the primary flight instruments and their functions with these flashcards. This quiz focuses on the instruments that rely on the pitot-static system used in aviation. Perfect for aspiring pilots preparing for the CFII examination.