CFA Program Curriculum Overview
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Questions and Answers

Why is it important to review the Learning Outcome Statements (LOS) before and after studying the curriculum content?

Reviewing the LOS ensures that you can demonstrate the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities, while also allowing you to track your progress and identify areas of weakness.

What is the average amount of preparation time reported by successful candidates for each exam?

Successful candidates report an average of more than 300 hours of preparation for each exam.

What steps should a candidate take if they believe they have found an error in the curriculum?

Candidates should use the curriculum errata reporting process found on the Curriculum Errata webpage to submit their concerns.

What is the significance of the curriculum development process mentioned in the content?

<p>The curriculum development process involves multiple rounds of reviews by content experts to minimize errors and ensure high-quality learning material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can candidates provide feedback about the curriculum, and how is it handled?

<p>Candidates can send comments or suggestions to <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>, where their feedback will be reviewed thoughtfully.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Ali Behbahani serve at CRISPR Therapeutics AG?

<p>He was appointed to the board of directors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the IPO valuation of CRISPR Therapeutics when it became public?

<p>USD 590 million.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has CRISPR Therapeutics' market capitalization changed since its IPO?

<p>It has increased to over five times its IPO valuation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two areas of expertise included on NEA's health care industry team.

<p>Physicians and research scientists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the correlation of private market returns from public market securities?

<p>Private market returns generally have lower correlations due to illiquidity and longer investment periods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors contributed to CRISPR Therapeutics’ early business expansion according to the text?

<p>NEA's board membership and involvement in partnerships and drug trials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact do private fund managers have on a startup's success?

<p>They provide equity capital and industry expertise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are characteristics of private market investments assessed compared to public market investments?

<p>Private market investments are assessed based on diversification potential due to illiquidity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is GIC's primary mission?

<p>To preserve and grow the global purchasing power of Singapore’s strategic reserves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was GIC's initial asset allocation strategy before shifting to a higher equity investment?

<p>70% developed market bonds and cash.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does GIC's Reference Portfolio consist of, in terms of asset allocation?

<p>65% global equity and 35% global bond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

As of 2022-2023, what are GIC's reported private equity and real estate allocations?

<p>17% for private equity and 13% for real estate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of GIC's Active Portfolio?

<p>To pursue skills-based and opportunistic investments within and outside the primary asset classes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many investment professionals does GIC currently employ?

<p>Over 2,000 investment professionals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific role do the 70 professionals dedicated to infrastructure investments at GIC play?

<p>They focus specifically on infrastructure investments within GIC's broader strategy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did GIC disclose its new investment framework?

<p>In 2013.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using a Special Purpose Entity (SPE) in private real estate and infrastructure projects?

<p>To limit the liability of investors to only the risks associated with the project.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is option B, regarding investors capturing their share of returns, incorrect in the context of SPEs?

<p>SPEs do not govern the specific allocation of cash flows; that is determined by the equity and debt investments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the value of the project at the end of a concession agreement when using an SPE?

<p>The value, if any, of the project typically reverts to the grantor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways do public and private markets differ regarding performance dynamics?

<p>Public markets have greater liquidity and price transparency, while private markets have different performance measurement approaches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List one effect of liquidity on public market performance compared to private markets.

<p>Higher liquidity in public markets often leads to more frequent pricing and trading opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by distributed to paid-in when discussing return metrics?

<p>It refers to the ratio of cash distributions received by investors to the total amount they have paid in.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical characteristics of securities in public markets?

<p>They include listed equity and debt securities from mature issuers with stable cash flows and usually pay periodic dividends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe one reason why public debt securities are often non-callable.

<p>To provide stability to debtholders by ensuring consistent interest payments without early redemption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the internal rate of return (IRR) represent in the context of private asset investments?

<p>IRR represents the uniform discount rate that makes the net present value (NPV) of a series of cash flows equal to zero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to measure private market performance over a multiyear holding period?

<p>Private market performance is best assessed over multiple years due to the variable cash flows that can appear over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What assumption does the calculation of IRR make regarding interim cash flows?

<p>The IRR calculation assumes that interim cash flows can be reinvested at the same IRR rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do lower reinvestment rates of interim cash flows impact an investment's return?

<p>Lower reinvestment rates will reduce the overall return of an investment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of combining positive and negative cash flows in private asset investments?

<p>The combination leads to a fluctuating cash flow profile, necessitating longer evaluation periods for accurate performance measurement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the calculation of net present value (NPV) related to IRR?

<p>NPV is zero when calculated at the IRR, indicating that the present value of cash inflows equals the present value of cash outflows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what types of markets is the assumption of IRR reinvestment rates more realistic?

<p>The assumption holds better in highly liquid public fixed-income markets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Exhibit 11 illustrate about IRR over the private asset investment life cycle?

<p>Exhibit 11 illustrates the IRR trajectory, indicating how returns evolve over the investment holding period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does investing in a liquid short-term fixed-income fund affect the IRR of a private equity fund allocation over seven years?

<p>It reduces the IRR compared to a scenario with zero return on committed capital but still yields a higher IRR than if the funds were fully deployed in long-term public investments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the future value of a USD 500,000 commitment after two years at a 3% rate of return?

<p>The future value is USD 530,450.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approach is used to calculate the future value of the investment after an additional five years at a 10.41% return?

<p>The future value of USD 530,450 is calculated using the formula: USD 530,450 × (1 + 0.1041)^5.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you derive the ROI from the future value after seven years and the original investment?

<p>ROI is calculated as the ratio of future value USD 870,355 to original value USD 500,000, resulting in 1.741×.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the calculated IRR when considering the original investment and the future value?

<p>The IRR is calculated to be 8.24%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of delayed cash outflows on private equity funds compared to public market investments?

<p>Delayed cash outflows decrease the IRR of private equity funds as compared to fully deployed public market investments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a manager choose to invest committed capital in a short-term fund despite lower potential returns?

<p>The manager may seek liquidity and stability while waiting for capital calls rather than experiencing total opportunity loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the IRR of the private equity fund allocation compare to a fully deployed public investment with a 10.41% return?

<p>The IRR of the private equity allocation is expected to be below the 10.41% IRR of the public investment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

CFA Program Curriculum

  • Curriculum development is rigorous, involving multiple expert reviews
  • Errata are periodically updated and posted on a website
  • Users can report errors through a designated process
  • Feedback/comments can be submitted to an email address

Using the Learning Objectives (LOS)

  • Review LOS before and after studying to demonstrate knowledge, skills, and abilities
  • Use LOS to track progress and identify areas needing review
  • Average preparation time exceeds 300 hours per exam, with variation based on experience
  • Focus on different topics based on individual needs

Private Market Investments

  • Private market returns are less correlated with public market returns due to illiquidity and longer investment periods
  • Diversification potential assessed differently compared to public markets
  • Example: GIC's strategy involves global equity, bonds, and private markets
  • GIC allocates to real estate and private equity, with an active investment approach; investment team is large
  • Example: GIC uses a reference portfolio, a policy portfolio, and an active portfolio within a determined risk budget and timeframe
  • Private real estate and infrastructure projects are often governed through a special purpose entity (SPE) to limit investor liability to project-specific risks (not allocation of cash flows)

Private vs. Public Investments and Return Metrics

  • Public markets include listed securities with stable cash flows (dividends and coupons)
  • Private investments have varied cash flows (Exhibit 2) measured over a longer period (multi-year) using IRR
  • IRR (internal rate of return) is the single discount rate that gives a project a net present value of zero (NPV = 0)
  • IRR calculation assumes interim cash flows are reinvested at the IRR rate, less realistic for private markets
  • Lower reinvestment rates reduce private market returns
  • Example: delayed capital deployment in a private equity fund due to committed capital investment in a short-term fixed-income fund reduces IRR, but doesn't eliminate opportunity cost
  • Delaying cash outflows for a private equity fund reduces its IRR given a lower return on a liquid investment during the delay
  • Example calculation of IRR for a timeframe spanning 7 years demonstrates the reduction in IRR due to delaying deployment of committed capital.

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Description

Explore the rigorous development of the CFA Program Curriculum and the importance of using Learning Objectives (LOS) to guide your study. This quiz covers key topics such as private market investments, errata updates, and the process for reporting feedback. Understand the significance of preparation time and diversification in investment strategies.

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