Cestodes: The Tapeworms Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the prepatent period for Echinococcus granulosus?

  • 4 to 8 weeks (correct)
  • 8 to 12 weeks
  • 2 to 4 weeks
  • 6 to 10 weeks

    • Which of the following is a characteristic of Echinococcus multilocularis?

  • Life cycle involves ruminants as intermediate hosts
  • Produces alveolar hydatid cysts that resemble malignant tumors (correct)
  • Leads to hydatidosis with liver damage only
  • Does not affect cats as definitive hosts

    • What is the typical intermediate host for Echinococcus granulosus?

  • Fish
  • Sheep and other ruminants (correct)
  • Dogs
  • Rodents

    • Which statements regarding Echinococcus spp. eggs are true?

    <p>They require identification of adult worms for diagnosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus in humans?

    <p>Hydatidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the definitive host (DH) in the life cycle of Echinococcus spp.?

    <p>It consumes the intermediate host to complete the life cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can alveolar hydatid infestations typically remain fatal?

    <p>Within a few years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which definitive host is Echinococcus taeniaeformis notably common?

    <p>Cats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hygiene practice can help prevent human infestation by Echinococcus spp.?

    <p>Washing hands after handling dog feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these organisms is necessary for the life cycle of Diphyllobothrium latum?

    <p>Copepod</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the clinical signs that owners might observe in pets infested with cestodes?

    <p>Proglottids around the rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is specifically indicated for treating cestodes like Diphyllobothrium latum?

    <p>Epsiprantel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definitive host (DH) for Taenia hydatigena?

    <p>Dog</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an intermediate host (IH) for Echinococcus multilocularis?

    <p>Rodents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Spirometra spp. from other tapeworms?

    <p>It has a 'zipper' appearance in mature proglottids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can Dipylidium ova be differentiated from Taenia and Echinococcus ova?

    <p>By egg packet appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary clinical sign associated with heavy infestations of Anoplocephala perfoliata?

    <p>Colic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prepatent period for Diphyllobothrium latum?

    <p>6 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of life cycle do equine cestodes exhibit?

    <p>Indirect life cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cestode has a definitive host that can include both dogs and humans?

    <p>Diphyllobothrium latum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of hydatid cysts related to Echinococcus spp.?

    <p>They are space-occupying lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of proglottids in cestodes?

    <p>To produce eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prepatent period for equine cestodes when a horse ingests an oribatid mite?

    <p>4 to 6 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cestode has humans as an intermediate host?

    <p>Echinococcus granulosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary economic impact of cysticerci or hydatid cysts in livestock?

    <p>They cause lesions leading to condemnation of carcasses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended prevention method for zoonotic cestodes in humans?

    <p>Feed pets raw fish.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the attachment end of a tapeworm?

    <p>Scolex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the larval stage of cestodes that forms in the tissues of a mammalian intermediate host?

    <p>Cysticercus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the 1 stage larva that is infective immediately upon passage to the intermediate host?

    <p>Oncosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of hydatidosis?

    <p>A disease caused by the presence of hydatid cysts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intermediate host does the tapeworm Taenia pisiformis primarily rely on?

    <p>Wild lagomorphs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the 2 stage larva?

    <p>It can be referred to as cysticercus in mammalian hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the scolex of cyclophyllidean tapeworms?

    <p>May contain suckers or hooklets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of larva is commonly referred to as 'bladderworm'?

    <p>Cysticercoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is TRUE for the adult Dipylidium caninum?

    <p>The prepatent period lasts about 4 weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options is considered a significant risk factor for the transmission of cestodes?

    <p>Permitting pets to hunt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a dog or cat become infected with Dipylidium caninum?

    <p>By consuming larval fleas or lice while grooming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of treating for fleas while treating for tapeworms?

    <p>Fleas serve as intermediate hosts for some tapeworms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species of Taenia is primarily associated with infesting dogs through the consumption of rabbits?

    <p>Taenia pisiformis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of Taenia proglottids compared to Dipylidium proglottids?

    <p>Taenia proglottids have a single pore.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary intermediate host for Fasciola hepatica?

    <p>Snail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ does the adult liver fluke primarily inhabit in its definitive host?

    <p>Bile ducts of the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What form of fascioliosis is typically fatal and primarily affects sheep?

    <p>Acute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Fasciola hepatica transmitted to the definitive host?

    <p>Ingestion of metacercariae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common symptom is associated with chronic fascioliosis in ruminants?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the etiology of 'Black Disease' in sheep?

    <p>Clostridium novyi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prepatent period for Fasciola hepatica?

    <p>10 to 12 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which climatic conditions does Fasciola hepatica thrive?

    <p>Mild and wet/marshy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential consequence of chronic fascioliosis in livestock?

    <p>Submandibular edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Fasciola hepatica life cycle, what happens after the cercariae exit the snail?

    <p>They swim to a plant and encyst.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cestodes: The Tapeworms

    • Flatworms that lack a body cavity
    • Always have an indirect life cycle, requiring an intermediate host (IH).
    • Cyclophyllidean cestodes (true tapeworms) have scolices (contain suckers, and may be armed with hooklets or unarmed); genital pores are laterally located. Requires one IH.
    • Cotyloda cestodes (pseudo tapeworms) have scolices with two bothria (slit-like organs of attachment); genital pores are centrally located. Requires two IHs.

    Cestode Anatomy

    • Scolex ("head"): Attaches to the intestinal wall via hooks or suckers, located at the anterior end.
    • Proglottids ("segments"): Flattened, absorb nutrients from the bowel of the definitive host (DH). Contain both male and female reproductive organs; most distal segments reach maturity and are gravid.

    Cestode Life Cycle

    • Indirect: Requires an intermediate host (IH); ova infective to IH on passage in feces; IH must be eaten by the DH to complete the life cycle.
    • Adults attach by the scolex to the mucosa of the DH's small intestine.

    Key Cestode Species: Cyclophyllidean

    • Diphylidium caninum: Flea tapeworm; requires flea or louse IH; zoonotic.
    • Taenia spp.:
      • T. pisiformis: Dogs and other canids (IH).
      • T. hydatigena: Dogs and other canids (IH).
      • T. ovis: Dogs and other canids (IH).
      • T. taeniaeformis: Cats and other felids (IH).
    • Echinococcus spp.: Zoonotic.
      • E. granulosis: Dogs and other canids (IH), often in the liver.
      • E. multilocularis: Dogs, cats, wild canids and felids (IH).
      • Diphyllobothrium latum: Broad fish tapeworm; requires two IHs (copepods and fish). Zoonotic.

    Key Cestode Species: Cotyloda

    • Diphyllobothrium latum: Broad fish tapeworm. Requires two IHs (copepods and fish). Zoonotic.
    • Spirometra spp.: Requires two IHs (copepods and other intermediate hosts). Zoonotic.

    Cestode Ova

    • Found within proglottids that pass with feces.
    • Contain first stage larva (oncosphere or hexacanth embryo) infective to IH.

    Cestode Larvae

    • Infective immediately upon passage to IH (first stage larva - oncosphere).
    • Develop to second stage larva in body cavities or tissues of IH.

    Clinical Signs of Cestodes

    • Minimal or mild in most cases.
    • Occasionally, owners observe proglottids around the rectum or bedding.
    • Possible signs include: scooting, occasional licking of the anal area, unthriftiness (poor growth/failure to thrive), and mild diarrhea

    Cestode Diagnosis

    • Discharge of proglottids is sporadic.
    • Requires specific testing based on species and location of infestation.

    Cestode Treatment

    • Treatment depends on species, but commonly includes praziquantel or fenbendazole.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of cestodes, commonly known as tapeworms. This quiz covers their anatomy, life cycles, and classifications, emphasizing the differences between cyclophyllidean and cotyloda cestodes. Perfect for students delving into parasitology or flatworm biology.

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