15 Questions
What is the intermediate host for Taenia solium?
Pig
What is the disease caused by the ingestion of eggs of Taenia solium?
Cystosarcosis
What is the treatment for neurocysticercosis?
Abendozle
What is the deficiency caused by Diphyllobothrium latum?
Vitamin B12 deficiency
What is the characteristic of Diphyllobothrium latum?
It is the largest tapeworm
What is the name of the tapeworm that causes Echinococcus granulosus?
Echinococcus granulosus
What is the characteristic of Taenia saginatum?
Its intermediate host is a cow
What happens when cysts rupture during removal?
An anaphylaxis reaction occurs
What is the name of the disease caused by ingestion of larvae?
Taeniasis
What is a complication of Cysticercosis in the digestive system?
Appendicitis
How is Cysticercosis typically detected?
Stool sample, brain imaging, or anti-cysticercal antibodies
What is the name of the disease caused by ingesting eggs?
Cysticercosis
What is the name of the reaction that occurs when larvae die in tissue?
Inflammatory reaction
What is the name of the larval stage that lodges into tissue?
Taenia solium larvae
What is a characteristic of the cysts in the liver on CT scans?
Eggshell calcifications
Study Notes
Cestodes: Tapeworms
- Tinnea Soleum and Sagginatum are two types of tapeworms.
- Intermediate hosts: pig for T. Solium and cow for Sagginatum.
- T. Solium has hooks on its proglottid heads, seen on O&P (Ova and Parasite) examination.
Neurocysticercosis
- Caused by ingestion of T. Solium eggs from contaminated water or food.
- Characterized by lesions in the brain, eyes, and skin, resembling Swiss cheese on MRI.
- Symptoms include seizures and those of hydrocephalus.
Treatment and Prevention
- Praziquantal is used to treat tapeworm infections.
- Abendazole is used to treat neurocysticercosis.
- Ingestion of eggs leads to cysticercosis, which can be prevented by avoiding contaminated food and water.
Diphyllobothrium Latum (Fish Tapeworm)
- Causes diarrhea and is associated with B12 deficiency, leading to megoblastic anemia.
- Cobalamin (B12) is essential to prevent anemia.
- Can grow up to 10 feet long, and proglottid segments are seen on stool O&P examination.
Echinococcus Granulosus
- Caused by ingestion of contaminated dog feces, leading to hydatid cysts.
- Sheep are intermediate hosts.
- Characterized by "eggshell calcifications" in the liver on CT.
- Rupture of cysts can cause anaphylaxis reaction, requiring injection with a solution to kill cysts before removal.
Taeniasis and Cysticercosis
- Taeniasis is asymptomatic and caused by ingestion of larvae.
- Cysticercosis is caused by ingestion of eggs, not larvae, and involves the development of extraintestinal encysted larval forms in various organs, most commonly the CNS.
- Complications include appendicitis, obstruction of bile and pancreatic ducts.
- Detected by stool sample, brain imaging, or anti-cysticercal antibodies.
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