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Questions and Answers
Which joint allows for the movement of nodding the head up and down?
Which joint allows for the movement of nodding the head up and down?
Which area of the cervical spine sees the highest amount of trauma?
Which area of the cervical spine sees the highest amount of trauma?
Which surgical procedure is an alternative to spinal fusion for addressing adjacent segment disease?
Which surgical procedure is an alternative to spinal fusion for addressing adjacent segment disease?
What are some associated abnormalities of Klippel-Feil syndrome?
What are some associated abnormalities of Klippel-Feil syndrome?
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Which part of the vertebral column houses the spinal cord?
Which part of the vertebral column houses the spinal cord?
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How many vertebrae are normally found in a human vertebral column?
How many vertebrae are normally found in a human vertebral column?
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Which region of the vertebral column has the highest variation in the number of vertebrae?
Which region of the vertebral column has the highest variation in the number of vertebrae?
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Which region of the vertebral column contains the most vertebrae?
Which region of the vertebral column contains the most vertebrae?
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Which part of a typical vertebra encloses the vertebral foramen?
Which part of a typical vertebra encloses the vertebral foramen?
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What are the primary curves of the vertebral column?
What are the primary curves of the vertebral column?
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Which of the following is true about the formation of the cervical curve?
Which of the following is true about the formation of the cervical curve?
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What do the intervertebral foramina transmit?
What do the intervertebral foramina transmit?
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What ligament extends the length of the spine running along the back of the spinous processes?
What ligament extends the length of the spine running along the back of the spinous processes?
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Where does the spinal cord begin and end in the human body?
Where does the spinal cord begin and end in the human body?
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Which part of the spinal cord handles sensory input and motor output to the arms and trunk?
Which part of the spinal cord handles sensory input and motor output to the arms and trunk?
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What is the space between the arachnoid and the pia mater called?
What is the space between the arachnoid and the pia mater called?
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What is the function of the dorsal roots in the spinal cord?
What is the function of the dorsal roots in the spinal cord?
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Which of the following is true about the grey column in the spinal cord?
Which of the following is true about the grey column in the spinal cord?
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What is the purpose of the filum terminale in the spinal cord?
What is the purpose of the filum terminale in the spinal cord?
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Which of the following is true about the cervical vertebrae in mammals?
Which of the following is true about the cervical vertebrae in mammals?
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What is the typical number of cervical vertebrae in mammals?
What is the typical number of cervical vertebrae in mammals?
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Which of the following is true about the cervical vertebrae in humans?
Which of the following is true about the cervical vertebrae in humans?
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Which joint allows for the movement of shaking or rotating the head left and right?
Which joint allows for the movement of shaking or rotating the head left and right?
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Which part of the vertebra is responsible for attaching certain superficial muscles, like the trapezius and splenius capitis?
Which part of the vertebra is responsible for attaching certain superficial muscles, like the trapezius and splenius capitis?
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Which part of the cervical vertebrae is pierced by the foramen transversarium?
Which part of the cervical vertebrae is pierced by the foramen transversarium?
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Which cervical vertebra has a distinctive long and prominent spinous process that is palpable from the skin surface?
Which cervical vertebra has a distinctive long and prominent spinous process that is palpable from the skin surface?
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What is the most distinctive characteristic of the axis (C2) vertebra?
What is the most distinctive characteristic of the axis (C2) vertebra?
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Study Notes
Cervical Spine
- The atlanto-occipital joint allows for the movement of nodding the head up and down.
- The C5-C6 and C6-C7 areas of the cervical spine see the highest amount of trauma.
Surgical Procedures
- The Dynamic Motion Spine Stabilization is an alternative to spinal fusion for addressing adjacent segment disease.
Klippel-Feil Syndrome
- Associated abnormalities of Klippel-Feil syndrome include vertebral fusion, scoliosis, and rib cage deformities.
Vertebral Column
- The spinal cord is housed in the vertebral canal.
- A human vertebral column normally has 33 vertebrae.
- The lumbar region of the vertebral column has the highest variation in the number of vertebrae.
- The thoracic region of the vertebral column contains the most vertebrae.
Vertebra Structure
- The vertebral arch encloses the vertebral foramen.
Curves of the Vertebral Column
- The primary curves of the vertebral column are the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral curves.
- The cervical curve forms during infancy and early childhood as the child learns to hold up their head.
Intervertebral Foramina
- The intervertebral foramina transmit spinal nerves.
Ligaments of the Spine
- The supraspinal ligament extends the length of the spine, running along the back of the spinous processes.
Spinal Cord
- The spinal cord begins at the foramen magnum and ends at the conus medullaris.
- The brachial cord handles sensory input and motor output to the arms and trunk.
Meninges of the Spinal Cord
- The space between the arachnoid and the pia mater is called the subarachnoid space.
Dorsal Roots
- The dorsal roots transmit sensory information to the spinal cord.
Grey Column
- The grey column is responsible for transmitting and integrating sensory and motor information.
Filum Terminale
- The filum terminale anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx.
Cervical Vertebrae in Mammals
- In mammals, the cervical vertebrae are typically 7 in number.
Cervical Vertebrae in Humans
- In humans, the atlas (C1) and axis (C2) vertebrae are specialized for rotational movement.
Atlanto-Axial Joint
- The atlanto-axial joint allows for the movement of shaking or rotating the head left and right.
Vertebra Structure
- The spinous process is responsible for attaching certain superficial muscles, like the trapezius and splenius capitis.
- The transverse process of the cervical vertebrae is pierced by the foramen transversarium.
- The C7 vertebra has a distinctive long and prominent spinous process that is palpable from the skin surface.
- The axis (C2) vertebra is characterized by a dens, a strong, tooth-like projection that serves as a pivot point for the atlas (C1) vertebra.
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