Cervical Spine Injuries

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Name two primary deep flexor muscles of the cervical spine.

longus capitis and longus colli

What are the common causes of neck pain discussed in the text?

Trauma (whiplash), degenerative (arthritis), disc/facet issues, medical (infection, tumor, fracture), RA

What are the common presentations of cervical myelopathy?

Neck and shoulder pain and stiffness, clumsy and uncoordinated gait, loss of hand dexterity, hyperreflexia, electric shock sensation down spine and arms

What are the risk factors for neck pain discussed in the text?

Age, previous musculoskeletal injury, job demands, low physical capacity, poor ergonomic workstation design, poor posture, sedentary occupation, repetitive work Signup and view all the answers

What are the muscular impairments associated with neck pain?

Changes in the activation of deep neck flexors and extensors, increased activation of SCM and superficial neck extensors, delayed activation of deep neck flexors during arm flexion and extension, reduced strength and sub-max endurance Signup and view all the answers

What are the somatosensory impairments associated with neck pain?

Reduced joint position sense, reduced postural stability, altered oculomotor control Signup and view all the answers

What are the objective assessments of neck pain mentioned in the text?

VBI testing, observation of standing and sitting posture, AROM in seated position, PPIVM, PAIVM, scapula assessment, assessment of cervical extensor in 4 pt kneel Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of computer use on neck pain, according to the text?

Lengthened upper traps causing downward rotation of scapula Signup and view all the answers

What are some recommended interventions for acute stage management of neck pain?

Thoracic manipulations, neck ROM exercises, scapulothoracic strengthening, upper limb strengthening, cervical spine mobilisations, educate re likely impairments returning to normal, minimise use of cervical collar. Signup and view all the answers

What are the recommended interventions for sub-acute stage management of neck pain?

Cervical and shoulder endurance exercises, thoracic and cervical manipulations and mobilisations. Signup and view all the answers

What interventions are recommended for chronic stage management of neck pain?

Multimodal interventions, thoracic manipulations, cervical manipulations + mobilisation, mixed exercises for cervical and scapulothoracic regions, aerobic exercise and conditioning, cognitive/counselling strategies, dry needling + TENS. Signup and view all the answers

What are the suggested outcome measures for neck pain?

Self-report questionnaire (VAS), activity limitations and participation measures, AROM/PROM. Signup and view all the answers

What are some factors that may indicate worse outcomes for neck pain?

Psychological distress, hyperalgesia (indicating neurogenic pain), increased pain and disability, neck pain from whiplash vs trauma/MVA. Signup and view all the answers

What is the believed optimum dosage for exercises in managing neck pain?

The optimum dosage is still unknown, but no exercise is believed to be better than another. Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended for postural correction in managing neck pain?

Strengthening of deep neck flexors and multifidus, correcting scap position with protraction exercises (takes load off upper traps), and incorporating joint position exercises e.g. head relocation, gaze stability etc. Signup and view all the answers

What evidence exists for mobilisations and manipulation in managing neck pain?

There is good evidence for mobilisations and manipulation in managing neck pain. Signup and view all the answers