Cerebrum: Anatomy and Function

What is the largest part of the brain?

What is the longitudinal fissure?

The two hemispheres are mostly symmetrical in structure, but are not totally equal in function. There is _____ of cortical function.

What is a gyrus in the cerebral cortex?

What is a sulcus in the brain?

What structure connects the cerebral hemispheres?

Where is the gray matter located in the cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum?

Where is white matter typically located relative to the cerebral and cerebellar cortices?

What is cortical gray matter primarily composed of?

What is the term for many of the multipolar neurons found in the cortex?

List the five basic layers of the cerebral cortex from superficial to deep.

What does the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex primarily contain?

What is the outer granular layer of the cerebral cortex mostly made up of?

What characterizes the outer pyramidal cell layer?

What is the inner granular layer primarily composed of?

Describe the composition of the inner pyramidal and polymorphic layer.

Name the three paired structures that make up the diencephalon.

What is the primary function of the thalamus?

What are some key functions regulated by the hypothalamus?

What is the infundibulum?

What major gland is contained within the epithalamus?

What gland secretes melatonin and helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle?

The pineal gland's function is regulated by a complex feedback loop involving which nucleus?

What hormone regulates circadian rhythms and is derived from tryptophan?

What is the primary role of the cerebellum?

Name the three layers of gray matter in the cerebellum.

What three structures make up the brain stem?

What is a key function of the midbrain?

What is the primary composition of the pons?

What part of the brain stem has some control over the cardiovascular and respiratory systems?

What is the function and location of Meissner's corpuscles?

What are neuromuscular junctions?

What is another term for the motor end plate of a muscle cell?

What is the largest part of the brain?

The groove that separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres is called the _____ _____.

The two hemispheres are mostly symmetrical in structure, but are not totally equal in function. There is _____________ of cortical function.

A fold in the cerebral cortex is called a _____.

Shallow grooves in the brain are called _____.

The white matter connecting the cerebral hemispheres is the _____ _____.

What forms the outer convoluted surface of the cerebral hemispheres and the foliated surface of the cerebellum?

White matter lies superficial to the cerebral and cerebellar cortices.

What is cortical gray matter primarily composed of?

Many of the multipolar neurons of the cortex are known as _____ cells.

List the five basic layers of the cerebral cortex, from superficial to deep.

Which layer of the cerebral cortex contains mainly dendrites synapsing with cortical neuron axons?

The outer granular layer of the cerebral cortex is mostly made up of _____ cells, axons, and dendrites.

Which layer is mostly made up of pyramidal cells that increase in size deeper into the layer?

The inner granular layer is mostly made of densely packed _____ cells.

Which layer contains large pyramidal cells superficially and varied cell morphologies deep?

What are the three paired structures of the diencephalon?

Which part of the diencephalon acts as a relay station for incoming information destined for higher brain areas like the cerebral cortex?

Which part of the diencephalon serves as the autonomic control center and regulates functions like body temperature, food intake, and sleep-wake cycles?

The _____ is a stalk of hypothalamic tissue connecting to the pituitary gland.

Which part of the diencephalon contains the pineal gland?

What gland, located in the epithalamus, secretes melatonin and helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle?

The pineal gland is under the control of a complex feedback loop involving the _____ _____ (SCN).

What hormone, secreted by the pineal gland, regulates circadian rhythms?

Which part of the brain is located dorsal to the pons and medulla oblongata and is primarily involved in coordinating somatic motor function and complex movements?

List the three layers of gray matter in the cerebellum, from superficial to deep.

What are the three components of the brain stem?

Which part of the brain stem, located between the diencephalon and pons, inhibits inappropriate muscle movement and uses dopamine signals for smooth movements?

The _____, located between the midbrain and medulla oblongata, is chiefly composed of conduction tracts between the higher brain centers and spinal cord.

What is the most inferior part of the brain stem, involved in controlling cardiovascular and respiratory systems?

_____ _____ function as light pressure receptors located within the dermal papillae.

What is the point of contact between a motor neuron axon and a skeletal muscle cell called?

Another term for the motor end plate on a muscle cell is the _____.

What is the largest part of the brain?

What is the name of the groove that separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres?

The two hemispheres are mostly symmetrical in structure, but are not totally equal in function. There is _____ of cortical function.

What is a fold in the cerebral cortex called?

What are the shallow grooves in the brain called?

What structure, composed of white matter, connects the cerebral hemispheres?

What type of matter forms the outer convoluted surface of the cerebral hemispheres and the foliated surface of the cerebellum?

White matter lies superficial to the cerebral and cerebellar cortices.

What is cortical gray matter primarily composed of?

What type of cell constitutes many of the multipolar neurons found in the cerebral cortex?

List the five basic layers of the cerebral cortex, starting from the outermost layer.

Which layer of the cerebral cortex mainly contains dendrites synapsing with cortical neuron axons?

What are the main components of the outer granular layer of the cerebral cortex?

Which layer of the cerebral cortex contains pyramidal cells that increase in size deeper within the layer?

What cell type predominantly makes up the inner granular layer of the cerebral cortex?

Describe the composition of the inner pyramidal and polymorphic layer of the cerebral cortex.

Name the three paired structures that make up the diencephalon.

Which part of the diencephalon acts as a relay station for incoming information destined for higher brain areas like the cerebral cortex?

List some key functions regulated by the hypothalamus.

What is the name of the stalk of hypothalamic tissue connecting to the pituitary gland?

Which part of the diencephalon contains the pineal gland?

What hormone does the pineal gland secrete, and what cycle does it help regulate?

The pineal gland is under the control of a complex feedback loop involving which nucleus?

Which of the following is true about melatonin?

What is the primary function of the cerebellum, located dorsal to the pons and medulla oblongata?

Name the three distinct layers of gray matter in the cerebellar cortex.

What are the three components of the brain stem?

Located between the diencephalon and pons, what part of the brain stem helps regulate movement smoothness via dopamine signals and inhibits inappropriate muscle movement?

What structure, located between the midbrain and medulla oblongata, is chiefly composed of conduction tracts relaying signals between higher brain centers and the spinal cord or cerebellum?

Which is the most inferior part of the brain stem, responsible for autonomic control of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems?

What is the function and location of Meissner's corpuscles?

What is a neuromuscular junction, and what excitatory neurotransmitter is typically released there to act on the sarcolemma?

What specialized region of the sarcolemma (muscle fiber membrane) contains acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction?