Cerebral Functional Imaging Intro

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the main objectives of neuroscience?

  • To create a new field of study combining psychology and biology
  • To develop a new model of emotional intelligence
  • To decline the different stages of emotional and cognitive functions (correct)
  • To study the history of neuroscience

Who is credited with the discovery of the existence of the neuronal genesis of synapses in 1894?

  • Bliss
  • Hebb
  • Ramon Y Cajal (correct)
  • Kandel

What is the term for the memory that is inherited from our species and influences our instinctual behavior?

  • Phylétique memory (correct)
  • Individual memory
  • Epigenetic memory
  • Instinctual memory

What is the main function of phylétique memory in humans?

<p>To serve survival, reproduction, and interpretation of sensory stimuli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which synaptic connections can increase their efficiency of transmission?

<p>Hebbian learning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which organism did Kandel study to confirm Hebb's hypothesis?

<p>Aplysia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of functional cerebral imaging?

<p>To observe brain activity during cognitive processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the discovery that led to the development of functional localization?

<p>Phrenology by J.Gall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of stress on the hippocampus?

<p>Decrease in the number of granular cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with dividing the brain into 52 areas?

<p>Brodmann (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in memory retrieval?

<p>More involved in semantic encoding than episodic encoding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the first neuroimaging technique developed?

<p>EEG (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of prolonged stress on neurons?

<p>Neuronal death (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to localize brain function?

<p>To associate cognitive models with brain activity measurements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the model that describes the neural basis of memory?

<p>HERA model (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of information is processed in the hippocampus?

<p>Both semantic and episodic information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the development of IRMf take place?

<p>1990 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using radioactive tracers in medical imaging?

<p>To track glucose consumption by cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) over positron emission tomography (PET)?

<p>fMRI is less expensive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)?

<p>Detection of changes in magnetic properties of hydrogen protons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main application of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in research?

<p>Study of sleep patterns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) over functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)?

<p>NIRS is more portable and easier to use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)?

<p>Detection of changes in infrared light absorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the application of positron emission tomography (PET) in clinical practice?

<p>Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of positron emission tomography (PET)?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over computed tomography (CT) scans?

<p>MRI does not use ionizing radiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of data obtained from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)?

<p>Functional data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to brain activity in older adults, according to Cabeza's model?

<p>Less activity in the prefrontal cortex, but more bilateral frontal activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of memory do Alzheimer's patients have difficulty accessing?

<p>Episodic memory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hippocampus, according to Squire's model?

<p>Involved in the formation of new memories (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of multisensory integration, according to Stein and Meredith's study?

<p>A 100% increase in neural activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does multisensory integration occur, according to Stein and Meredith's study?

<p>In the superior colliculus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of neurons are involved in multisensory integration, according to Stein and Meredith's study?

<p>Multimodal neurons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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