Cerebral Functional Imaging Intro

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What is one of the main objectives of neuroscience?

To create a new field of study combining psychology and biology
To develop a new model of emotional intelligence
To decline the different stages of emotional and cognitive functions (correct)
To study the history of neuroscience

Who is credited with the discovery of the existence of the neuronal genesis of synapses in 1894?

Bliss
Hebb
Ramon Y Cajal (correct)
Kandel

What is the term for the memory that is inherited from our species and influences our instinctual behavior?

Phylétique memory (correct)
Individual memory
Epigenetic memory
Instinctual memory

What is the main function of phylétique memory in humans?

To serve survival, reproduction, and interpretation of sensory stimuli (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which synaptic connections can increase their efficiency of transmission?

Hebbian learning (C) Signup and view all the answers

In which organism did Kandel study to confirm Hebb's hypothesis?

Aplysia (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of functional cerebral imaging?

To observe brain activity during cognitive processes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the discovery that led to the development of functional localization?

Phrenology by J.Gall (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of stress on the hippocampus?

Decrease in the number of granular cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with dividing the brain into 52 areas?

Brodmann (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in memory retrieval?

More involved in semantic encoding than episodic encoding (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the first neuroimaging technique developed?

EEG (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of prolonged stress on neurons?

Neuronal death (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to localize brain function?

To associate cognitive models with brain activity measurements (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the model that describes the neural basis of memory?

HERA model (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of information is processed in the hippocampus?

Both semantic and episodic information (B) Signup and view all the answers

When did the development of IRMf take place?

1990 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using radioactive tracers in medical imaging?

To track glucose consumption by cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) over positron emission tomography (PET)?

fMRI is less expensive (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)?

Detection of changes in magnetic properties of hydrogen protons (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main application of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in research?

Study of sleep patterns (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) over functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)?

NIRS is more portable and easier to use (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)?

Detection of changes in infrared light absorption (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the application of positron emission tomography (PET) in clinical practice?

Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of positron emission tomography (PET)?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over computed tomography (CT) scans?

MRI does not use ionizing radiation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of data obtained from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)?

Functional data (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to brain activity in older adults, according to Cabeza's model?

Less activity in the prefrontal cortex, but more bilateral frontal activity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of memory do Alzheimer's patients have difficulty accessing?

Episodic memory (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hippocampus, according to Squire's model?

Involved in the formation of new memories (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of multisensory integration, according to Stein and Meredith's study?

A 100% increase in neural activity (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where does multisensory integration occur, according to Stein and Meredith's study?

In the superior colliculus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of neurons are involved in multisensory integration, according to Stein and Meredith's study?

Multimodal neurons (B) Signup and view all the answers