Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the role of working memory in cognitive processes?
What is the role of working memory in cognitive processes?
Which area of the brain is primarily involved in the execution of language output?
Which area of the brain is primarily involved in the execution of language output?
What condition is characterized by the inability to understand spoken language?
What condition is characterized by the inability to understand spoken language?
Which cognitive function does the parietotemporal association cortex NOT primarily support?
Which cognitive function does the parietotemporal association cortex NOT primarily support?
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What is a defining feature of apraxia?
What is a defining feature of apraxia?
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What type of information does the primary somatosensory cortex primarily receive?
What type of information does the primary somatosensory cortex primarily receive?
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Which of the following functions is primarily associated with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?
Which of the following functions is primarily associated with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?
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What is the main role of the primary auditory cortices?
What is the main role of the primary auditory cortices?
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Which association area is implicated in processing memories?
Which association area is implicated in processing memories?
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Which sensory information is processed by the primary vestibular cortices?
Which sensory information is processed by the primary vestibular cortices?
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The primary visual cortex receives visual information from which part of the brain?
The primary visual cortex receives visual information from which part of the brain?
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What aspect of stimulus does the primary somatosensory cortex help to determine?
What aspect of stimulus does the primary somatosensory cortex help to determine?
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Which cortical area is most likely affected in symptoms associated with loss of executive functions?
Which cortical area is most likely affected in symptoms associated with loss of executive functions?
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Study Notes
Cerebral Cortex
- The cerebral cortex is responsible for higher-level cognitive functions.
Primary Somatosensory Cortex
- Receives information from tactile and proprioceptive receptors.
- This information is processed via a three-neuron pathway:
- Peripheral afferent/dorsal column neuron
- Medial lemniscus neuron
- Thalamocortical neuron
- Responsible for:
- Discriminative touch and proprioception
- Awareness through somatosensation
- Determining the location of a stimulus
- Understanding the shape, size, and texture of a structure
Primary Cortices
-
Primary Auditory Cortices (PAC)
- Receive information from the cochlea of both ears.
- Information travels through a pathway that synapses in the inferior colliculus and medial geniculate body before reaching the cortex.
-
Primary Vestibular Cortices (PVC)
- Receive information regarding head movement and head position relative to gravity.
- This information travels via a vestibulothalamocortical pathway.
-
Primary Visual Cortex
- Visual information travels to the cortex via a pathway from the retina to the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus, then to the primary visual cortex.
Association Areas
-
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex:
- Functions include self-awareness and executive functions, such as:
- Deciding on a goal
- Planning how to accomplish the goal
- Executing a plan
- Monitoring the execution of the plan
- Functions include self-awareness and executive functions, such as:
-
Parietotemporal Association Cortex:
- Responsible for cognitive intelligence, such as:
- Problem-solving
- Comprehension of communication
- Understanding of spatial relationships
- Responsible for cognitive intelligence, such as:
-
Ventral and Medial Dorsal Prefrontal Association Cortex:
- Functions include:
- Impulse control
- Personality
- Reactions to surroundings
- Functions include:
Working Memory
- Maintains goal-relevant information for a short time.
- Essential for:
- Language
- Problem-solving
- Mental navigation
- Reasoning
- Complex mental multitasking requires working memory, which is central to cognition.
- The prefrontal cortex and the parietotemporal association cortex maintain, manipulate, and update information in working memory.
Communication
-
Wernicke’s Area:
- Comprehension of spoken language.
- Interprets symbols.
-
Broca’s Area:
- Provides instructions for language output.
- Plans the movements to produce speech.
- Correlates words when writing.
Terms to Know
- Apraxia: Loss of task performance without loss of movement. For instance, agraphia (inability to write).
- Agnosia: Loss of the sense of touch in that the significance is lost. For instance, astereognosia, visual agnosia, auditory agnosia, amusia (inability to perceive music).
- Receptive (Wernicke’s) aphasia: Inability to understand spoken language (but may be able to hear), impacting all other forms of language.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the cerebral cortex and its role in sensory processing. This quiz covers key concepts regarding the primary somatosensory cortex, auditory cortices, and vestibular systems. Understand how sensory information is received and interpreted by the brain.
