Untitled Quiz

Istanbul Gelisim University

• Istanbul Gelisim University is focused on Ecological, Economic and Social Sustainability.
• Website: www.gelisim.edu.tr

Department of Nursing (ENG)

• Name of Course: WOMEN'S HEALTH AND DISEASES NURSING
• Name of Lecturer: Dr. N. Alper Sahbaz, MD

Course Information

• Course credit: 8 Credit /9 ECTS
• GBS Linki: https://gbs.gelisim.edu.tr/en/lesson-details-17-319-12715-2
• Week: 17

What we are going to learn in this week?

• Anatomy and physiology of male and female reproductive organs

Female Puberty

• Average age of onset: 8
• Puberty Events and Ages
  • Growth of breasts (thelarche): 13 years old
  • Growth of pubic hair (adrenarche): 14 years old
  • Body Growth: 9 1/2-14 ½ years old
  • First Menstruation (menarche): 10-16-2 years
  • Underarm Hair (adrenarche): Around the same time as underarm hair appears.

Brief Information about Male and Female Puberty

• Puberty in males: 10-14 years (average 11-12)
• Puberty in Females: Starts approximately 1 year earlier than in males (10-11)
• Puberty Events in males, in order:
  • Growth of the scrotum and testes
  • Lengthening of the penis
  • Pubic hair growth
  • Growth spurt
  • Facial and underarm hair growth

Hormones

• Hormone responsible for male puberty: Testosterone

Ovaries

• Two, small, solid oval structures.
• Located in the pelvic cavity
• Produce ova and secrete female hormones
• At birth, most contain 200,000-400,000 immature ova (oocytes).
• Menopause signals the end of child-bearing years.
• Climacteric is the period leading up to menopause.

Uterus

• About 7-8 cm long.
• Three parts:
  • Fundus (upper portion)
  • Body (middle portion)
  • Cervix (lower portion)
• Three layers:
  • Perimetrium (outer layer)
  • Myometrium (middle layer)
  • Endometrium (inner layer)

Fallopian Tubes

• 10-15 cm long
• Finger-like projections (fimbriae) pull the ovum into the tube
• Site of fertilization
• Zygote travels through tube to uterus (approx. 4-7 days)

Vagina

• Extends from cervix to outside of the body (8-10 cm)
• Releases menstrual fluids
• Birth canal
• Stimulates male penis during intercourse
• Slightly acidic to prevent pathogen growth

Movement of an Oocyte during the Female Cycle

• Diagrams of ovulation and fertilization stages

External Genitalia

• Vulva: Collective name for external female genitalia
• Consists of:
  • Mons pubis
  • Labia majora
  • Labia minora
  • Clitoris
  • Perineum
• Bartholin's glands secrete a fluid into the area between labia minora during sexual activity.

Breasts

• Mammary glands varying in size according to age, heredity and amount of fatty tissue present
• 15-20 glandular lobes, separated by connective tissue.
• After childbirth, the pituitary gland stimulates these lobules with the hormone prolactin.

Front View of Breast

• Diagram showing various parts: Lymph Nodes, Muscles, Lobules, Ducts, Areola, Adipose tissue, Cooper's ligaments, Small ducts & Acini, Major ducts, Nipple and lobes

Pelvic Bone (standing)

• Diagram of the bony pelvis showing major anatomical structures.

Male Reproductive System: Scrotum

• Pouch of skin containing the testes and epididymis
• Scrotal tissue contracts to regulate temperature for sperm viability.

Male Reproductive System: Penis

• Urethra runs length of the penis.
• Fills with blood during arousal for copulation.

Male Reproductive System: Testicles

• Oval-shaped, divided into lobules.
• Sperm is formed in seminiferous tubes within the lobules.
• Mature sperm stored in epididymis (400-600 cm tube).

Male Reproductive System: Sperm

• Carry either X or Y chromosome.
• Head contains enzymes for penetrating ova.
• Midpiece provides energy (ATP).
• Tail provides motility.

Hormonal Control of Testosterone Secretion

• Diagram illustrating the hormonal processes involved in sperm production.
• Hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone), FSH(follicle-stimulating hormone), LH(luteinizing hormone) and Testosterone

Male Reproductive System: Vas Deferens and Seminal Vesicles

• Muscular tubes transporting sperm from epididymis to seminal vesicles.
• Seminal vesicles produce alkaline fluid that mixes with sperm in semen to protect from urethra and vagina acidity.

Male Reproductive System: Prostate and Cowper's glands

• Prostate: secretes alkaline fluid mixing with sperm (semen).
• Enlargement of prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia) can obstruct urine flow.
• Cowper's glands produce mucous-alkaline fluid for semen.

Important Questions (Multiple Choice)

• Answers to questions regarding the subject matter. (see individual pages for the questions)

Preventative Care, High Risk Pregnancies, etc.

Important details of health care, with a particular focus on preventing obstetric complications, high risk pregnancies and the like.

Nurses' Roles in Prenatal Care

• Education and Counseling:
• Health Checkups and Tests:
• Blood pressure, Weight, Swelling, Blood tests, Ultrasound.

Nurses' Roles in Prenatal Care (continued)

• Double Test
• Triple Test
• Ultrasound Check-ups (First, Second & Third Trimester)
• Managing High-Risk Pregnancies:
• Hypertension
• Preeclampsia
• Eclampsia
• Family Planning; Breastfeeding recommendations
• Emotional support
• Spotting Emergencies; Acting Fast

The Role of Nurses in Postpartum Care

• Postpartum Depression
• Newborn Care
• Family Planning