Treatment Options for Small animal Fractures
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Questions and Answers

Which imaging technique may be more useful in assessing pelvic fractures in small animals?

  • CT scan (correct)
  • Orthopaedic examination
  • Neurological examination
  • High quality radiographs

    • What is one factor to consider when determining whether a fracture case should be referred?

  • The difficulty of the fracture or the expected complication rate (correct)
  • The availability of necessary equipment and expertise
  • The presence of skin wounds
  • The ability to weight bear on all limbs

    • During an orthopaedic examination, what should be assessed to determine gross instability?

  • Weight bearing ability on certain limbs (correct)
  • Mentation and balance
  • Spinal reflexes and responses
  • Grosser neurological dysfunction

    • What is one sign of a possible jaw fracture in small animals?

    <p>Displaced mandibular symphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is commonly used in veterinary medicine for reducing bending and rotation in fractures?

    <p>Intramedullary interlocking nail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which implant can be used to augment intra-medullary pin fixation?

    <p>External fixator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some limitations of cerclage wires?

    <p>They tend to loosen with time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of external fixators?

    <p>Discharge at the site of pin insertion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plate is designed to bridge a comminuted section of a fracture and take all the load?

    <p>Buttress plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an intermedullary pin?

    <p>Provide stability to the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a lag screw?

    <p>To compress the fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plate requires the screw to engage with the plate and the bone?

    <p>Locking plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fracture repair technique is commonly used in general practice?

    <p>Intra medullary pin and cerclage wire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using cerclage wires in the intra medullary pin technique?

    <p>To provide stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the IM pin placed in the normagrade technique?

    <p>The proximal fragment is entered first</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of using the retrograde pinning technique?

    <p>Loss of control over pin position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fixation is used to produce rigid fixation and counteract distractive forces in fractures?

    <p>Tension band</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some factors to consider when dealing with avian fractures?

    <p>The rapid healing of avian bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are intramedullary pins and external fixators used for avian fractures instead of plates?

    <p>Intramedullary pins and external fixators provide better stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What post-operative instructions should be given to owners of pets with fractures?

    <p>Restrict the pet to the house</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique may be more useful in assessing pelvic fractures in small animals?

    <p>X-ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one sign of a possible jaw fracture in small animals?

    <p>Pain when opening mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of external fixators?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What post-operative instructions should be given to owners of pets with fractures?

    <p>Restrict activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plate is designed to bridge a comminuted section of a fracture and take all the load?

    <p>Buttress plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What force is not required to be protected against when using a plate for avulsion or tension fractures?

    <p>Avulsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a lag screw?

    <p>To apply compression to the fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of screw hole is used with a lag screw?

    <p>Glide hole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone is more prone to splintering in avian fractures?

    <p>Cortical bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of blood supply for healing avian fractures?

    <p>Endosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fractures have a poor prognosis in avian patients?

    <p>Fractures involving the joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of primary wing feathers in avian patients?

    <p>Periosteum of the ulna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fracture repair technique is commonly used in veterinary medicine?

    <p>Intramedullary interlocking nail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of using cerclage wires?

    <p>Seroma formation under the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fixation is used to reduce rotational forces and axial compression applied to a fracture?

    <p>External fixator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of using plate fixation for fractures?

    <p>Versatility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fracture repair technique is commonly used in general practice?

    <p>Intra medullary pin and cerclage wire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using cerclage wires in the intra medullary pin technique?

    <p>To counteract bending forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the IM pin placed in the normagrade technique?

    <p>A small skin incision is made and entered through the intertrochanteric fossa and pin seated into the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of external fixators?

    <p>Damage to the sciatic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique may be more useful in assessing pelvic fractures in small animals?

    <p>CT scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be assessed during an orthopaedic examination to determine gross instability?

    <p>Gross instability in limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be examined during a neurological examination?

    <p>Presence of spinal reflexes and responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a fracture case be referred?

    <p>When the fracture is too difficult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plate requires the screw to engage with the plate and the bone?

    <p>Compression plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a lag screw?

    <p>To compress the fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an intermedullary pin?

    <p>To provide stability to the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of using plate fixation for fractures?

    <p>Allows for angling of the screws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common fracture repair technique in general practice?

    <p>Intra medullary pin and cerclage wire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cerclage wires in fracture repair?

    <p>To draw fragments to the normal position and fix them relying on the circular cross section of the bone for stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which placement technique for the intramedullary pin allows accurate placement proximally and avoids damage to the sciatic nerve in cats?

    <p>Normagrade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What force is not counteracted by an intramedullary pin that occupies only a proportion of the medullary cavity?

    <p>Shear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of using cerclage wires in fracture repair?

    <p>Seroma formation under the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of using an intramedullary interlocking nail for fracture repair?

    <p>Requires special jigs for screw and nail placement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of using external fixators for fracture repair?

    <p>Discharge at the pin sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of using plate fixation for fractures?

    <p>Less effective at preventing bending</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fixation is commonly used for avian fractures due to their thin and brittle bones?

    <p>Intramedullary pins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one factor to consider when deciding the form of fixation for a fracture?

    <p>The alignment of the fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential complication of using cerclage wires in the intra medullary pin technique?

    <p>Discharge from the pin tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one post-operative instruction that should be given to owners of pets with fractures?

    <p>Restrict to the house</p> Signup and view all the answers

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