Treatment Options for Small animal Fractures

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Which imaging technique may be more useful in assessing pelvic fractures in small animals?

CT scan (correct)

Orthopaedic examination

Neurological examination

High quality radiographs

What is one factor to consider when determining whether a fracture case should be referred?

The difficulty of the fracture or the expected complication rate (correct)

The availability of necessary equipment and expertise

The presence of skin wounds

The ability to weight bear on all limbs

During an orthopaedic examination, what should be assessed to determine gross instability?

Weight bearing ability on certain limbs (correct)

Mentation and balance

Spinal reflexes and responses

Grosser neurological dysfunction

What is one sign of a possible jaw fracture in small animals?

Displaced mandibular symphysis Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is commonly used in veterinary medicine for reducing bending and rotation in fractures?

Intramedullary interlocking nail Signup and view all the answers

Which implant can be used to augment intra-medullary pin fixation?

External fixator Signup and view all the answers

What are some limitations of cerclage wires?

They tend to loosen with time Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of external fixators?

Discharge at the site of pin insertion Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plate is designed to bridge a comminuted section of a fracture and take all the load?

Buttress plate Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an intermedullary pin?

Provide stability to the bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a lag screw?

To compress the fracture Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plate requires the screw to engage with the plate and the bone?

Locking plate Signup and view all the answers

Which fracture repair technique is commonly used in general practice?

Intra medullary pin and cerclage wire Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using cerclage wires in the intra medullary pin technique?

To provide stability Signup and view all the answers

How is the IM pin placed in the normagrade technique?

The proximal fragment is entered first Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using the retrograde pinning technique?

Loss of control over pin position Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fixation is used to produce rigid fixation and counteract distractive forces in fractures?

Tension band Signup and view all the answers

What are some factors to consider when dealing with avian fractures?

The rapid healing of avian bones Signup and view all the answers

Why are intramedullary pins and external fixators used for avian fractures instead of plates?

Intramedullary pins and external fixators provide better stability Signup and view all the answers

What post-operative instructions should be given to owners of pets with fractures?

Restrict the pet to the house Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging technique may be more useful in assessing pelvic fractures in small animals?

X-ray Signup and view all the answers

What is one sign of a possible jaw fracture in small animals?

Pain when opening mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of external fixators?

Infection Signup and view all the answers

What post-operative instructions should be given to owners of pets with fractures?

Restrict activity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plate is designed to bridge a comminuted section of a fracture and take all the load?

Buttress plate Signup and view all the answers

What force is not required to be protected against when using a plate for avulsion or tension fractures?

Avulsion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a lag screw?

To apply compression to the fracture Signup and view all the answers

What type of screw hole is used with a lag screw?

Glide hole Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is more prone to splintering in avian fractures?

Cortical bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of blood supply for healing avian fractures?

Endosteum Signup and view all the answers

Which fractures have a poor prognosis in avian patients?

Fractures involving the joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of primary wing feathers in avian patients?

Periosteum of the ulna Signup and view all the answers

Which fracture repair technique is commonly used in veterinary medicine?

Intramedullary interlocking nail Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of using cerclage wires?

Seroma formation under the skin Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fixation is used to reduce rotational forces and axial compression applied to a fracture?

External fixator Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of using plate fixation for fractures?

Versatility Signup and view all the answers

Which fracture repair technique is commonly used in general practice?

Intra medullary pin and cerclage wire Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using cerclage wires in the intra medullary pin technique?

To counteract bending forces Signup and view all the answers

How is the IM pin placed in the normagrade technique?

A small skin incision is made and entered through the intertrochanteric fossa and pin seated into the bone Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of external fixators?

Damage to the sciatic nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging technique may be more useful in assessing pelvic fractures in small animals?

CT scan Signup and view all the answers

What should be assessed during an orthopaedic examination to determine gross instability?

Gross instability in limbs Signup and view all the answers

What should be examined during a neurological examination?

Presence of spinal reflexes and responses Signup and view all the answers

When should a fracture case be referred?

When the fracture is too difficult Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plate requires the screw to engage with the plate and the bone?

Compression plate Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a lag screw?

To compress the fracture Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an intermedullary pin?

To provide stability to the bone Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of using plate fixation for fractures?

Allows for angling of the screws Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common fracture repair technique in general practice?

Intra medullary pin and cerclage wire Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cerclage wires in fracture repair?

To draw fragments to the normal position and fix them relying on the circular cross section of the bone for stability Signup and view all the answers

Which placement technique for the intramedullary pin allows accurate placement proximally and avoids damage to the sciatic nerve in cats?

Normagrade Signup and view all the answers

What force is not counteracted by an intramedullary pin that occupies only a proportion of the medullary cavity?

Shear Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of using cerclage wires in fracture repair?

Seroma formation under the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of using an intramedullary interlocking nail for fracture repair?

Requires special jigs for screw and nail placement Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of using external fixators for fracture repair?

Discharge at the pin sites Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using plate fixation for fractures?

Less effective at preventing bending Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fixation is commonly used for avian fractures due to their thin and brittle bones?

Intramedullary pins Signup and view all the answers

What is one factor to consider when deciding the form of fixation for a fracture?

The alignment of the fracture Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential complication of using cerclage wires in the intra medullary pin technique?

Discharge from the pin tracts Signup and view all the answers

What is one post-operative instruction that should be given to owners of pets with fractures?

Restrict to the house Signup and view all the answers

Treatment Options for Small animal Fractures

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Questions and Answers

Which imaging technique may be more useful in assessing pelvic fractures in small animals?

What is one factor to consider when determining whether a fracture case should be referred?

During an orthopaedic examination, what should be assessed to determine gross instability?

What is one sign of a possible jaw fracture in small animals?

Which technique is commonly used in veterinary medicine for reducing bending and rotation in fractures?

Which implant can be used to augment intra-medullary pin fixation?

What are some limitations of cerclage wires?

What is a potential complication of external fixators?

Which type of plate is designed to bridge a comminuted section of a fracture and take all the load?

What is the function of an intermedullary pin?

What is the purpose of a lag screw?

Which type of plate requires the screw to engage with the plate and the bone?

Which fracture repair technique is commonly used in general practice?

What is the purpose of using cerclage wires in the intra medullary pin technique?

How is the IM pin placed in the normagrade technique?

What is a disadvantage of using the retrograde pinning technique?

Which type of fixation is used to produce rigid fixation and counteract distractive forces in fractures?

What are some factors to consider when dealing with avian fractures?

Why are intramedullary pins and external fixators used for avian fractures instead of plates?

What post-operative instructions should be given to owners of pets with fractures?

Which imaging technique may be more useful in assessing pelvic fractures in small animals?

What is one sign of a possible jaw fracture in small animals?

What is a potential complication of external fixators?

What post-operative instructions should be given to owners of pets with fractures?

Which type of plate is designed to bridge a comminuted section of a fracture and take all the load?

What force is not required to be protected against when using a plate for avulsion or tension fractures?

What is the purpose of a lag screw?

What type of screw hole is used with a lag screw?

Which type of bone is more prone to splintering in avian fractures?

What is the primary source of blood supply for healing avian fractures?

Which fractures have a poor prognosis in avian patients?

What is the origin of primary wing feathers in avian patients?

Which fracture repair technique is commonly used in veterinary medicine?

What is a potential complication of using cerclage wires?

Which type of fixation is used to reduce rotational forces and axial compression applied to a fracture?

What is one advantage of using plate fixation for fractures?

Which fracture repair technique is commonly used in general practice?

What is the purpose of using cerclage wires in the intra medullary pin technique?

How is the IM pin placed in the normagrade technique?

What is a potential complication of external fixators?

Which imaging technique may be more useful in assessing pelvic fractures in small animals?

What should be assessed during an orthopaedic examination to determine gross instability?

What should be examined during a neurological examination?

When should a fracture case be referred?

Which type of plate requires the screw to engage with the plate and the bone?

What is the purpose of a lag screw?

What is the function of an intermedullary pin?

What is one advantage of using plate fixation for fractures?

Which of the following is a common fracture repair technique in general practice?

What is the purpose of cerclage wires in fracture repair?

Which placement technique for the intramedullary pin allows accurate placement proximally and avoids damage to the sciatic nerve in cats?

What force is not counteracted by an intramedullary pin that occupies only a proportion of the medullary cavity?

What is a potential complication of using cerclage wires in fracture repair?

What is a limitation of using an intramedullary interlocking nail for fracture repair?

What is a complication of using external fixators for fracture repair?

What is a disadvantage of using plate fixation for fractures?

Which type of fixation is commonly used for avian fractures due to their thin and brittle bones?

What is one factor to consider when deciding the form of fixation for a fracture?

What is one potential complication of using cerclage wires in the intra medullary pin technique?

What is one post-operative instruction that should be given to owners of pets with fractures?

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