Treatment Options for Small animal Fractures
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Questions and Answers

Which imaging technique may be more useful in assessing pelvic fractures in small animals?

  • CT scan (correct)
  • Orthopaedic examination
  • Neurological examination
  • High quality radiographs

What is one factor to consider when determining whether a fracture case should be referred?

  • The difficulty of the fracture or the expected complication rate (correct)
  • The availability of necessary equipment and expertise
  • The presence of skin wounds
  • The ability to weight bear on all limbs

During an orthopaedic examination, what should be assessed to determine gross instability?

  • Weight bearing ability on certain limbs (correct)
  • Mentation and balance
  • Spinal reflexes and responses
  • Grosser neurological dysfunction

What is one sign of a possible jaw fracture in small animals?

<p>Displaced mandibular symphysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is commonly used in veterinary medicine for reducing bending and rotation in fractures?

<p>Intramedullary interlocking nail (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which implant can be used to augment intra-medullary pin fixation?

<p>External fixator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some limitations of cerclage wires?

<p>They tend to loosen with time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of external fixators?

<p>Discharge at the site of pin insertion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plate is designed to bridge a comminuted section of a fracture and take all the load?

<p>Buttress plate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an intermedullary pin?

<p>Provide stability to the bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a lag screw?

<p>To compress the fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plate requires the screw to engage with the plate and the bone?

<p>Locking plate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fracture repair technique is commonly used in general practice?

<p>Intra medullary pin and cerclage wire (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using cerclage wires in the intra medullary pin technique?

<p>To provide stability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the IM pin placed in the normagrade technique?

<p>The proximal fragment is entered first (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using the retrograde pinning technique?

<p>Loss of control over pin position (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fixation is used to produce rigid fixation and counteract distractive forces in fractures?

<p>Tension band (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some factors to consider when dealing with avian fractures?

<p>The rapid healing of avian bones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are intramedullary pins and external fixators used for avian fractures instead of plates?

<p>Intramedullary pins and external fixators provide better stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What post-operative instructions should be given to owners of pets with fractures?

<p>Restrict the pet to the house (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging technique may be more useful in assessing pelvic fractures in small animals?

<p>X-ray (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one sign of a possible jaw fracture in small animals?

<p>Pain when opening mouth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of external fixators?

<p>Infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What post-operative instructions should be given to owners of pets with fractures?

<p>Restrict activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plate is designed to bridge a comminuted section of a fracture and take all the load?

<p>Buttress plate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What force is not required to be protected against when using a plate for avulsion or tension fractures?

<p>Avulsion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a lag screw?

<p>To apply compression to the fracture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of screw hole is used with a lag screw?

<p>Glide hole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is more prone to splintering in avian fractures?

<p>Cortical bone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of blood supply for healing avian fractures?

<p>Endosteum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fractures have a poor prognosis in avian patients?

<p>Fractures involving the joint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of primary wing feathers in avian patients?

<p>Periosteum of the ulna (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fracture repair technique is commonly used in veterinary medicine?

<p>Intramedullary interlocking nail (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of using cerclage wires?

<p>Seroma formation under the skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fixation is used to reduce rotational forces and axial compression applied to a fracture?

<p>External fixator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of using plate fixation for fractures?

<p>Versatility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fracture repair technique is commonly used in general practice?

<p>Intra medullary pin and cerclage wire (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using cerclage wires in the intra medullary pin technique?

<p>To counteract bending forces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the IM pin placed in the normagrade technique?

<p>A small skin incision is made and entered through the intertrochanteric fossa and pin seated into the bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of external fixators?

<p>Damage to the sciatic nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging technique may be more useful in assessing pelvic fractures in small animals?

<p>CT scan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be assessed during an orthopaedic examination to determine gross instability?

<p>Gross instability in limbs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be examined during a neurological examination?

<p>Presence of spinal reflexes and responses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a fracture case be referred?

<p>When the fracture is too difficult (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plate requires the screw to engage with the plate and the bone?

<p>Compression plate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a lag screw?

<p>To compress the fracture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an intermedullary pin?

<p>To provide stability to the bone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of using plate fixation for fractures?

<p>Allows for angling of the screws (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common fracture repair technique in general practice?

<p>Intra medullary pin and cerclage wire (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cerclage wires in fracture repair?

<p>To draw fragments to the normal position and fix them relying on the circular cross section of the bone for stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which placement technique for the intramedullary pin allows accurate placement proximally and avoids damage to the sciatic nerve in cats?

<p>Normagrade (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What force is not counteracted by an intramedullary pin that occupies only a proportion of the medullary cavity?

<p>Shear (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of using cerclage wires in fracture repair?

<p>Seroma formation under the skin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of using an intramedullary interlocking nail for fracture repair?

<p>Requires special jigs for screw and nail placement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of using external fixators for fracture repair?

<p>Discharge at the pin sites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using plate fixation for fractures?

<p>Less effective at preventing bending (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fixation is commonly used for avian fractures due to their thin and brittle bones?

<p>Intramedullary pins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one factor to consider when deciding the form of fixation for a fracture?

<p>The alignment of the fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential complication of using cerclage wires in the intra medullary pin technique?

<p>Discharge from the pin tracts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one post-operative instruction that should be given to owners of pets with fractures?

<p>Restrict to the house (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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