Cephalosporins Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the mechanism of action of cephalosporins?

  • Inhibition of DNA gyrase
  • Activation of bacterial efflux pumps
  • Inhibition of protein synthesis
  • Inhibition of mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall (correct)
  • Which of the following organisms are cephalosporins most effective against?

  • Viruses
  • Rapidly growing organisms forming cell walls (correct)
  • Anaerobic bacteria
  • Fungi
  • How are first generation cephalosporins classified based on their spectrum of activity?

  • Based on their antibacterial activity
  • Based on their chemical structure
  • Based on the order of development (correct)
  • Based on their clinical utility
  • Why are cefoxitin and cefotetan included with the cephalosporins despite being cephamycins?

    <p>Because of their clinical and chemical similarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes cephalosporins bactericidal?

    <p>Dependence on the rate of organism multiplication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many generations is the cephalosporin class of drugs divided into based on the order of development?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of renal function impairment on the half-life of most cephalosporins?

    <p>It significantly affects the half-life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should dosage adjustments be considered for most oral cephalosporin agents?

    <p>When GFR reaches less than 30 mL/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario should cefotaxime be used instead of ceftriaxone in patients with severe hepatic impairment?

    <p>When ceftriaxone is contraindicated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pregnancy category are cephalosporins classified as?

    <p>Category B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the use of cephalosporins during pregnancy be based on a risk/benefit determination?

    <p>Relatively few controlled studies exist regarding cephalosporin use in pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maternal to fetal serum ratio for cephalosporins?

    <p>Equal to 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following Enterobacteriaceae species are typically resistant to cephalosporins?

    <p>Serratia species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique characteristic of cephamycins compared to other generations of cephalosporins?

    <p>Limited activity against anaerobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following have increased activity against H. influenzae compared to first generation cephalosporins?

    <p>Cefaclor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable exception regarding the activity of ceftaroline among cephalosporins?

    <p>Activity against MRSA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cephalosporins is active against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, including Pseudomonas?

    <p>Cefepime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern associated with the use of third generation cephalosporins against uncommon gram-negative pathogens?

    <p>Poor ability to detect inducible beta-lactamases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do second generation cephalosporins have increased activity against compared to first generation cephalosporins?

    <p>H. influenzae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation of cephalosporins is known for having activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

    <p>Fourth generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is responsible for the resistance of MRSA, DRSP, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium to cephalosporins?

    <p>Changes of PBPs preventing binding to receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cephalosporin is particularly active against most gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, including resistant strains?

    <p>Cefepime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cephalosporin is advised to be avoided in neonates at risk for hyperbilirubinemia, especially preterm infants, due to high albumin binding?

    <p>Ceftriaxone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation of cephalosporins readily enter the CSF in the presence of meningeal inflammation?

    <p>Third generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main route of excretion for most cephalosporins?

    <p>Kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug combination is used in serious infections and single-dose therapy for sexually transmitted infections to increase cephalosporin plasma concentrations?

    <p>Cephalosporins and oral probenecid</p> Signup and view all the answers

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