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Questions and Answers
What is the unit of sedimentation coefficient, S?
What is the unit of sedimentation coefficient, S?
Centrifugation is only used to separate two miscible substances.
Centrifugation is only used to separate two miscible substances.
False
What is the purpose of cell fractionation?
What is the purpose of cell fractionation?
To study certain organelles from a cell
The formula for centrifugal acceleration is ______________.
The formula for centrifugal acceleration is ______________.
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Match the following steps of subcellular fractionation with their descriptions:
Match the following steps of subcellular fractionation with their descriptions:
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What is one of the applications of centrifugation in forensic and research laboratories?
What is one of the applications of centrifugation in forensic and research laboratories?
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Centrifugation is used to study the mechanism of protein synthesis.
Centrifugation is used to study the mechanism of protein synthesis.
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What is the formula for centrifugal force?
What is the formula for centrifugal force?
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Study Notes
Centrifugal Motion
- Centrifugal acceleration is calculated by rω2, where r is the radius of rotation and ω is the angular velocity in rad/s.
- Centrifugal force is equal to mrω2, where m is the mass of the particle.
Centrifugation Applications
- Centrifugation is used to separate two miscible substances.
- It is used to analyze the hydrodynamic properties of macromolecules.
- It is used for purification of mammalian cells.
- It is used for fractionation of sub-cellular organelles, including membranes and membrane fractions.
- It is used for fractionation of membrane vesicles.
- It is used for separating impurities from water.
- It is used for removing fat from milk to produce skimmed milk.
- It is used for separating particles from an air-flow using cyclonic separation.
- It is used for the clarification and stabilization of wine.
- It is used in forensic and research laboratories to separate urine components and blood components.
- It aids in the separation of proteins using purification techniques, such as salting out, e.g., ammonium sulfate precipitation.
Cell Fractionation
- Cell fractionation is a technique used to isolate and study specific organelles from a cell.
- It involves the homogenization or destruction of cell boundaries, followed by the separation of subcellular fractions according to mass, surface, and specific gravity.
- Cell fractionation has led to key discoveries, including:
- The mechanism of protein synthesis
- DNA replication and transcription
- RNA splicing
- Muscle contraction
- Microtubule assembly
- Vesicular transport in the secretory pathway
- The importance of mitochondria and chloroplasts in energy interconversions
Steps of Subcellular Fractionation
- Homogenization
- Differential centrifugation
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Description
This quiz covers the concepts of centrifugal motion, including acceleration and force, and its applications in separating substances, analyzing macromolecules, and purifying cells.
