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Questions and Answers
What percentage of the total brain weight does the cerebrum constitute?
What percentage of the total brain weight does the cerebrum constitute?
Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for subconsciously regulating your internal environment?
Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for subconsciously regulating your internal environment?
Which component of the brain is primarily involved in higher cognitive processes such as thought and memory?
Which component of the brain is primarily involved in higher cognitive processes such as thought and memory?
Which part of the diencephalon is responsible for regulating body temperature and hunger?
Which part of the diencephalon is responsible for regulating body temperature and hunger?
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What is the primary function of the basal nuclei within the central nervous system?
What is the primary function of the basal nuclei within the central nervous system?
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Study Notes
Central Nervous System (CNS)
- The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.
- The brain contains roughly 100 billion neurons.
- The CNS regulates internal environment, emotions, movement, awareness, and cognitive processes.
Brain Anatomy
- The brain has 4 main components:
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Forebrain:
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Cerebrum:
- Cerebral cortex: The outer layer of the cerebrum, responsible for higher cognitive functions like thinking and memory.
- Basal nuclei: Groups of neurons deep within the cerebrum that help plan and coordinate movement.
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Diencephalon:
- Thalamus: Relay center for sensory information.
- Hypothalamus: Regulates body temperature, thirst, and hunger.
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Cerebrum:
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Brain Stem:
- Midbrain: Connects the forebrain and hindbrain.
- Pons: Involved in sleep, respiration, and movement.
- Medulla: Controls vital functions such as breathing and heart rate.
- Cerebellum: Located at the back of the brain, it coordinates movement and balance.
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Forebrain:
Cerebrum
- The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, making up 80% of its weight.
- It is divided into two hemispheres: right and left.
- Each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body.
- The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body.
- The left hemisphere controls the right side of the body.
- The somatosensory cortex receives sensory information from the body.
- The right somatosensory cortex receives information from the left side of the body, and vice versa.
References
- Human physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
- Text Book Of Physiology by Guyton & Hall, 12th edition
- Review of Medical Physiology by Ganong, 24th edition
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Description
Explore the intricate details of the Central Nervous System, including its components such as the brain and spinal cord. Dive into brain anatomy, learning about the forebrain, brain stem, and their various functions that regulate emotions, movement, and cognitive processes.
