Central Dogma of Molecular Biology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of the genetic code in protein synthesis?

  • It provides the instructions for building proteins from amino acids.
  • It determines the shape and function of proteins.
  • It dictates the order in which amino acids are added to a polypeptide chain.
  • All of the above. (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a component of the genetic code?

  • Phosphates (correct)
  • Nucleotides
  • Amino acids
  • Codons

How many nucleotides make up a codon?

  • 2
  • 4
  • 1
  • 3 (correct)

What is the role of the initiation codon in protein synthesis?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between DNA and RNA in the context of transcription?

<p>DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between genes and DNA?

<p>Genes are segments of DNA that code for specific proteins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process directly involves the genetic code table?

<p>Translation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a polypeptide and a protein?

<p>Polypeptides are linear chains of amino acids, while proteins are functional three-dimensional structures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step of the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

<p>DNA makes an identical copy of itself. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules serves as the template during transcription?

<p>DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the pyrimidine bases present in DNA?

<p>C, T (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the process of translation, what is produced?

<p>Proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is not part of the Central Dogma process?

<p>Cellular Respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of helicase in DNA replication?

<p>To break the bonds between nitrogenous bases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides during DNA replication?

<p>DNA Polymerase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does primase play in the replication process?

<p>It synthesizes RNA primers for DNA Polymerase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the first step of DNA replication?

<p>The two strands of DNA are separated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens after DNA Polymerase adds complementary nucleotides?

<p>Ligase seals any gaps in the strands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does DNA replication occur within the cell?

<p>In the nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step finalizes DNA replication?

<p>Ligase sealing gaps (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature of DNA did Watson and Crick describe?

<p>Double helix resembling a twisted staircase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ligase after Okazaki fragments are formed?

<p>To connect Okazaki fragments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the process of DNA replication?

<p>It produces an identical copy of DNA. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Proteins

Molecules composed of amino acid polypeptides with specific functions.

Genetic Code

Rules for translating DNA or RNA sequences into amino acids.

Codon

A three-nucleotide sequence that codes for a specific amino acid.

Transcription

Process of copying DNA into RNA by replacing thymine with uracil.

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Translation

Process of converting RNA sequences into polypeptides or proteins.

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Amino Acid

Building blocks of proteins, specified by codons.

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Polypeptide

A chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds forming proteins.

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Initiation Codon

The specific codon in mRNA that signals the start of translation, usually AUG.

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DNA Structure

DNA is a double helix made of sugar-phosphate backbones and base pairs as rungs.

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DNA Replication

The process of copying DNA to ensure genetic information transfer during cell division.

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Helicase

An enzyme that unzips DNA by breaking bonds between nitrogenous bases.

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DNA Polymerase

Enzyme that adds complementary nucleotides to form new DNA strands during replication.

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Primase

Enzyme that initiates DNA replication by synthesizing RNA primers for DNA polymerase.

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Ligase

Enzyme that seals gaps and connects Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.

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Step 1 of DNA Replication

Helicase breaks bonds between bases, separating DNA strands.

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Step 2 of DNA Replication

DNA polymerase pairs bases with nucleotides, forming new strands.

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Step 3 of DNA Replication

Primase synthesizes RNA primers for DNA polymerase to start elongation.

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Step 4 of DNA Replication

Ligase connects Okazaki fragments, finalizing the new DNA strands.

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Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

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Replication

The process by which DNA makes an identical copy of itself.

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Nucleotides in DNA and RNA

Building blocks of DNA (A, T, C, G) and RNA (A, U, C, G).

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Study Notes

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

  • The Central Dogma describes the flow of genetic information within a biological system
  • It outlines how information stored in DNA is converted into functional proteins
  • The main steps of the Central Dogma:
    • Replication: DNA makes an identical copy of itself
    • Transcription: DNA is transcribed into RNA
    • Translation: RNA is translated into proteins

DNA vs. RNA

  • DNA:
    • Purines: Adenine (A), Guanine (G)
    • Pyrimidines: Cytosine (C), Thymine (T)
  • RNA:
    • Purines: Adenine (A), Guanine (G)
    • Pyrimidines: Cytosine (C), Uracil (U)

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