Central Bank Interventions in Foreign Exchange Markets
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Questions and Answers

Which market is considered the largest trading market in the world?

  • Commodities market
  • Equities market
  • Global fixed-income market
  • Foreign exchange market (correct)
  • What is the approximate daily turnover of the foreign exchange market in 2019?

  • USD 6.6 trillion (correct)
  • USD 6.6 billion
  • USD 66 trillion
  • USD 66 billion
  • What are the primary determinants of short- to medium-term exchange rate movements?

  • International capital flows (correct)
  • Quoting mechanisms
  • Trade balance between countries
  • Pricing factors
  • What is the operating schedule of the foreign exchange market?

    <p>24 hours a day, each business day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which entity is responsible for managing a country's foreign exchange reserves?

    <p>Central banks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the rapid growth of foreign reserves held by Asian central banks?

    <p>Large current account surpluses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the largest first-tier banks in the FX market sell side?

    <p>They have a broad global client base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs)?

    <p>Promoting public policy objectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the theory of purchasing power parity (PPP), what is the main reason for nominal exchange rates to adjust?

    <p>To equalize the purchasing power of different currencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some factors that prevent the conditions required to enforce PPP from being satisfied?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Big Mac index produced by the Economist demonstrate?

    <p>The relative price of a standardized hamburger in different countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the real exchange rate affect an individual's purchasing power?

    <p>A higher real exchange rate decreases the individual's relative purchasing power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of the buy side consists of hedge funds, proprietary trading shops, and high-frequency algorithmic traders?

    <p>Leveraged accounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of the buy side includes investment funds managed by insurance companies, mutual funds, pension funds, and other institutional investors?

    <p>Real money accounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of the buy side consists of corporations that undertake FX transactions during cross-border purchases and sales of goods and services?

    <p>Corporate accounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of the buy side includes individuals trading for their own accounts as well as smaller hedge funds and other active traders?

    <p>Retail accounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the FX market in international trade and investment?

    <p>The FX market facilitates trade in currencies and cross-border capital flows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the exchange rate important for portfolio performance?

    <p>The exchange rate determines the value of foreign-currency-denominated investments in terms of the domestic currency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between an individual currency and an exchange rate?

    <p>An individual currency can be held, while an exchange rate represents the price of one currency in terms of another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the convention for identifying exchange rates using three-letter currency codes?

    <p>The convention is to use the format 'A/B' to refer to the number of units of currency A that one unit of currency B will buy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between the nominal spot exchange rate and the real exchange rate?

    <p>The nominal spot exchange rate and the real exchange rate move in opposite directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of a higher real exchange rate on an individual's purchasing power?

    <p>Higher real exchange rate decreases purchasing power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of real exchange rate indexes?

    <p>To understand the international competitiveness of an economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which market participants are referred to as the sell side in FX markets?

    <p>FX trading banks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of market participants may access the professional FX market on equal terms with the dealing banks and effectively act as market makers?

    <p>Hedge funds and other large players</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one important idea to draw from the categorization of market participants in the FX market?

    <p>There is an extremely wide variety of FX market participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one function typically provided by sell-side banks in the FX market?

    <p>Providing FX price quotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of market participants may depend on the deep, competitive liquidity provided by the largest FX market participants?

    <p>Tier-one banks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one factor that may influence the trading motives and strategies of market participants in the FX market?

    <p>Public policy motives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it difficult to analyze or predict movements in FX rates with any precision?

    <p>The dynamic, complex interaction of market participants and their trading objectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

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