Census History

Census

History

• World Population Day is observed on July 11.
• Census activities in India were first conducted during the Maurya dynasty.
• The first complete census of an Indian city was conducted in Dacca (now Dhaka) in 1830 by Henry Walter.
• Henry Walter is known as the Father of Indian Census.
• The first census in India during the era of Lord Mayo in 1872, but it was not synchronous or comprehensive.
• The first synchronous census under British rule was in 1881 by W.C. Plowden, Census Commissioner of India.
• The first-ever Census was carried out in Sweden in 1749.
• The Ministry of Home Affairs Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner is in charge of conducting the census every ten years.
• Article 246 states that the census of the population is a Union subject under the Seventh Schedule.
• The most populated countries are India, China, USA, Indonesia, Pakistan, Nigeria, and Brazil.
• The most followed religions by population are Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Judaism.
• India holds 2.4% of the world's land, and 17.5% of the world's population.
• The National Portal of India's target for population stability has been changed from 2045 to 2070.

The Census of India Act of 1948

• Provides the legal framework for conducting the census.
• Does not specify the timing or periodicity of the census.
• There is no constitutional or legal requirement for a census to be conducted every 10 years.

Population Growth in India - Demographic Divides

• Period of Stagnant population (1901-1921).
• The decade 1911-21 had a negative growth rate, and 1921 is called the 'Demographic Divide'.
• Period of Steady Growth (1921-1951).
• Period of Rapid High Growth (1951-81) which refered to as the Period of Population explosion, a great leap forward-1951-1961.
• Period of High Growth Rate with definite signs of slowing down (1981-2011).

Census 2021

• The Census of 2021 in India is a digital one.
• The Census of 2021 is the 16th Census from 1872 and the eighth after Independence.
• The Census of 2021 is the first digital Census which includes a self-enumeration option.
• The 2021 Census wasPostponed because of the Covid pandemic, the first time in the 150-year history of India's census operations not completed on time.

Key findings of 2011 Census

• C.M. Chandramauli was the Registrar General and Census Commissioner in 2011.
• Census 2011 was the 15th Census of the country since 1872 and the 7th after Independence.
• It was conducted in two phases, House Listing or Housing Census and Population Enumeration.
• The total questions in the Census was 29.
• Moto of Census is Our Census our future

Population

• Increased by 17.7% between 2001 and 2011.
• India's total population was 1.21 billion.
• The growth rate of girls was 18.3% (Female population growth outpaced male growth)
• The growth rate of the males was 17.1%.
• Bihar saw the largest decadal population Growth.
• The urban population increased by 31.2% in 2011 (around 37 cores).
• Rural Population- 68.8% of the Indian Population
• Proportion of urban residents is the highest (97.5 per cent) in Delhi.
• Highest percentage of Rural Population resides in Himachal Pradesh.
• Percentage of the urban population in India is 31.165% of the total population.
• Total population of India was 1.21 Billion, with Men at 51.54% and women at 48.46%.
• State of India has the least population is Sikkim with a population of 6.71 lakhs.
• State of India has the least population density is Arunachal Pradesh , population density of 17 per.
• State has the highest urban population is Goa is the most urbanized state with 62.17%.
• State with Lowest Urban Population is Himachal Pradesh.
• State with Highest Rural Population is Uttar Pradesh.
• State has a negative population growth rate is Nagaland.
• State with the highest population is Uttar Pradesh, MH> Bihar
• State with the lowest population is Sikkim> Mizoram
• UT with the highest population is Delhi.
• UT with the lowest population is Lakshadweep
• State With Highest Decadal Growth rate is Meghalaya in %.
• State With Lowest Decadal Growth rate is Nagaland Kerala
• UT With Highest Decadal Growth rate is Dadra Nagar & Haveli.
• UT With Lowest Decadal Growth rate is Lakshadweep.
• Second most populated state of India is Maharashtra.
• District with the highest population is Thane.
• City with the highest population is Mumbai.
• District with the Lowest population is Dibang Valley.
• City with the Lowest population is Kapurthala.

Literacy

• The literacy rate in India has improved from 64.8% in 2001 to 74% in 2011.
• The largest gain in literacy was in Dadra and Nagar Haveli, from 57.6 to 76.2%.
• Adult (15+ years) literacy rate is 69.3%, with 78.8% for males and 59.3% for females.
• Literacy rate in 1947 -12%.
• Males Literacy Rate is 82.14%.
• Females- Literacy Rate is 65.46%.
• Overall Literacy rate is 74%.
• State with the highest literacy rate isKerala Mizoram (91.3%).
• State with the lowest literacy rate is Bihar 61.8>Rajasthan.
• UT with the Highest literacy rate is Lakshadweep.
• UT with the lowest literacy rate is Dadra & Nagar Haveli.
• District with the highest literacy rate is Serchip Mizoram.
• City with the highest literacy rate is Aizawal Mizo> Kochi.
• District with the Lowest literacy rate is Alirajpur.
• City with the Lowest literacy rate is Sambhal UP.

Density

• Density increased from 325 in 2001 to 382 in 2011.
• Density of Bihar is 1106, surpassing West Bengal.
• As per the 2001 and 2011 Censuses, Delhi (11,320) and Chandigarh (9,258) are the two states and UTs with the densest populations.
• Arunachal Pradesh has the minimum population density (17) for both the 2001 & 2011 censuses.
• State with the highest population density is Bihar>West Bengal.
• State with the lowest population density is Arunachal Pradesh.
• Union territory with Highest population density is Delhi.
• Union territory with least population density is Andaman & Nicobar.
• District with the highest population density is North East Delhi.
• City with the highest population density is Dibang Valley.

Sex Ratio

• In 2011: 943 females against 1000 males, 2001: 933 females against 1,000 males.
• The lowest States with sex ratio Haryana -879, > Jammu & Kashmir (889 females) > Punjab (895 females)
• Best sex ratio is found in Kerala (1,084 females), Tamil Nadu (996), Andhra Pradesh (993), Chhattisgarh (991)
• State with the highest sex ratio is Kerala.
• State with the lowest sex ratio is Haryana.
• UT with Highest Sex ratio is Pondicherry.
• UT with the lowest Sex ratio is Daman & Diu.
• District with the highest Sex ratio is Mahe (Pondicherry).
• City with the highest Sex ratio is Kozhikode.
• District with the Lowest Sex ratio is Daman.
• City with the Lowest Sex ratio is Bhiwandi (Maharastra).

Child Population

• There was a 0.4% increase in the number of children aged 0 to 6 years.
• The sex ratio for children aged 0 to 6 has decreased by 8%.
• Compared to 927 females in 2001, the Child sex ratio (0-6) in 2011 is 919 females to 1000 males.
• The Sex ratio for children aged 0 to 6 are lowest in Haryana (834 females).
• The Highest Child Sex Ratio is in Arunachal Pradesh -972ss

SC/ST data

• The Largest tribal group of India is Bhil.
• Scheduled Castes are 16.6% of the country's population.
• Scheduled Tribes are 8.6% of the country's population.
• Highest % of SC Population in Punjab.
• Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi and Pondicherry have no Scheduled Tribe population.
• Nagaland, Arunachal, Andaman and Nicobar Islands & Lakshadweep have 0% Scheduled Caste Population.
• State with Highest SC Population is UP>West Bengal>Bihar.
• UT with Highest SC Population is Chandigarh -17.5%.
• Highest % of SC Population is Punjab-28.9%.
• State with Highest ST Population is Madhya Pradesh.
• State with Highest % of ST is Mizoram-94.5%.
• UT with Highest % of ST is Lakshadweep-94.5%.
• UT with the lowest proportion of Scheduled Tribes A & N Islands (8.3%)
• District with the highest proportion of Scheduled Tribes Sarchhip, Mizoram (98.1%)
• District with the lowest proportion of Scheduled Tribes Hathras, Uttar Pradesh (0.01%)
• UT with the lowest proportion of Scheduled Caste -D & N Haveli (1.9%)
• District with the highest proportion of Scheduled Caste- Koch-Bihar (50.1%)
• District with the lowest proportion of Scheduled Caste-Lawngtlai Mizoram (0.01%)

Religious Demographics

• Hindus make up 79.8% of the population.
• Muslims make up 14.23% of the population.
• In the 2011 census, a "No religion" category was added for the first time and accounts for 0.24% of the 1.21 billion populations.
• Christians make up 2.3%.

Important Facts

• Maximum Difference between the Literacy rate of Male & Female-Rajasthan
• District have highest literacy rate-Sarchhip-Mizorama
• Top languages by speakers are Language - Hindi 43.43% >Bengali>Marathi>Tamil
• Hindi is Spoken-43.63
• Bengali is the second most spoken language in India.
• The state with highest population of tigers are in Madhya Pradesh.
• Population below Poverty Line is 30%.
• Total Forest Cover is 21.05
• Highest life expectancy at birth is in Kerala.
• Highest Urban Population is in Maharashtra.
• Definition of main worker-one who works for 183 days or 6 months atleast
• Third most populated City – Kolkata.
• Second highest literacy rate is in Lakshadweep.
• Poverty rate of Bihar is 33.7% as per as the census-2011.
• Census not conducted in Assam-1981 Literacy rate=(Literate population of 7 years and above/Total population of 7 years and above) x 100%
• According to the Census India has the highest youth population and in the year 2020, the average age of Indians would be 29 years.
• Persons spending below Rs. 1,407 a month (Rs. 47/day) per day are consider poor in Cities
• Persons spending less than Rs. 972 a month (Rs. 32/day) are consider poor in villages
• Suresh Tendulkar Committee determined that spending 1,000 a month (Rs.33/day) defined poverty for urban and 816 a month (Rs. 27/day) for rural
• National Population Register (NPR) was first done in 2010.

Economics Census

• Launched In -1976 as a planning scheme called Economic Census and surveys
• Conducted by- Central Statistical Organization under Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation
• First conducted in-1977
• Classified as the seventh (7) Economic census thus far- In 1977, 1980, 1990, 1998, and 2005, 2013, and now in 2019.

Classification of Towns & Cities - Census of India 2011

• Towns with a population of 1, 00,000 and above are called cities
• Class I towns have more than 1, 00,000 population
• Class II towns have 50,000 to 99,999 population
• Class III towns have 20,000 to 49,999 population
• Class IV towns have 10,000 to 19,999 population
• Class V towns have 5000 to 9,999 population
• Class VI towns have less than 5,000 population.

Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC) 2011

• Study of the socio-economic status of both rural and urban household's parameters.
• It was conducted for the first time in 2011 since 1931.
• Started from the Sankhola village of Hazemara block in West Tripura District.
• Released by the government in July 2015.
• SECC 2011 is also the first paperless census in India.
• SECC 2011 included the following three components of the census: Rural census, Urban census, and Caste census.
• The Indian Constitution also supports the idea of holding a caste census.
• Article 340-commission must be established to look into socially & educationally disadvantaged groups.
• Dr N C Saxena Committee (for rural areas) and SR Hashim Committee (for urban areas) were constituted to suggest the design of the new Below Poverty Line (BPL)
• Three-fold classification of households: Excluded, Automatically Included and Other

Findings from Rural India

• Total Households in the Country (Rural plus Urban): 24.39 Crore
• Total Rural Households: 17.91 Crore
• Total Excluded Households (based on fulfilling any of the 14 parameters of exclusion): 7.05 Crore(39.39%)
• Automatically included (based on fulfilling any of the 5 parameters of inclusion: 16.50 lakh, 0.92%
• Households considered for deprivation: 10.69 Crore
• Households not reporting deprivation: 2.00 crore
• Households with any one of the 7 deprivation: 8.69 Crore

II - Deprivation Data

• D1. Households with only one room, kuccha walls and kuccha roof: 2.37 Crore, 13.25%
• D2. No adult member in household between age 18 and 59: 65.15 lakh, 3.64%
• D3. Female headed household with no adult male member between 16 and 59: 68.96 Lakh, 3.85%
• D4. Households with differently able member with no other able bodied adult member: 7.16 lakh, 0.40%
• D5. SC/ST Households: 3.86 Crore, 21.53%
• D6. Households with no literate adult above age 25 years: 4.21 Crore, 23.52%
• D7. Landless households deriving a major part of their income from manual labour: 5.37 Crore, 29.97%

III - Sources of Household income

• Total Rural Households: 17.91Crore
• Cultivation: 5.39 Crore, 30.10%
• Manual Casual labour: 9.16 Crore, 51.14%
• Part time or full time domestic service: 44.84 lakh, 2.50%
• Rag picking, etc.: 4.08 lakh, 0.23%
• Non Agricultural own account enterprise: 28.87 lakh, 1.61%
• Begging/charity/alms: 6.68 lakh, 0.37%
• Others ( including government service, private service, PSU employment, etc.: 2.50 Crore, 14.01%