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Questions and Answers
What is the primary reason for learning operating systems (OS)?
What is the primary reason for learning operating systems (OS)?
Which type of operating system is designed for mobile phones with a focus on power consumption?
Which type of operating system is designed for mobile phones with a focus on power consumption?
What function does the Program Counter (PC) serve in a computer system?
What function does the Program Counter (PC) serve in a computer system?
In the context of OS, what does multi-user support refer to?
In the context of OS, what does multi-user support refer to?
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Which of the following companies is NOT primarily known for selling operating systems?
Which of the following companies is NOT primarily known for selling operating systems?
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What is the primary goal of the operating systems course?
What is the primary goal of the operating systems course?
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Which of the following is a prerequisite for the operating systems course?
Which of the following is a prerequisite for the operating systems course?
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What is the weight of the final exam in the overall grading system?
What is the weight of the final exam in the overall grading system?
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What consequence is outlined for students who engage in cheating?
What consequence is outlined for students who engage in cheating?
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Which of the following topics is NOT covered in the course content?
Which of the following topics is NOT covered in the course content?
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Study Notes
Operating Systems Course Information
- Course name: Ceng 305
- Instructor: İhsan Tolga Medeni, PhD
- Department: MIS, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University
- Email: [email protected]
- Textbook: Modern Operating Systems, 4th Edition, by Andrew S. Tanenbaum and Herbert Bos
- Teaching Assistant (TA): Hatice Çataloluk
Course Content
- Course information (personnel, policies, prerequisites, agenda)
- Why learn operating systems?
- What is an operating system? What does it do?
- Operating System Goals
- Understand operating system concepts
- Understand how operating systems work, and why
- Set a foundation for future learning
- Course Content Overview
- Computer hardware overview
- Threads and processes
- Synchronization and concurrency
- Scheduling
- Memory management (virtual memory)
- Disk management and file systems
- Advanced topics
Prerequisites
- Programming experience in C and Java
- Computer organization concepts
- Instructions (e.g., load, store)
- CPU (Central Processing Unit)
- Memory
- Registers
- Stack and stack pointer
- Program counter (PC)
Grading
- Exams:
- Midterm: 30%
- Final: 40%
- Assignments/Quizzes: 30%
- No extensions for deadlines
Exams
- Midterm covers the first half of the course
- Final covers the entire semester
Cheating Policy
- Zero tolerance for academic dishonesty
- Cheating, aiding cheating, and any form of academic dishonesty will result in a failing grade for all parties involved
Why Learn Operating Systems?
- To pass the course and earn a graduate degree
- Operating systems are fundamental to all applications
- Software engineers need to understand them
- Companies value graduates with this knowledge: Microsoft, Apple, VMware, Google
What is an Operating System (OS)?
- OS Concepts
- How OS functions regarding elevators? (Embedded OS)
- How OS functions regarding satellites? (Real-time OS)
- How OS functions regarding mobile phones? (Mobile OS, power consumption)
- How OS functions regarding personal computers? (Multitasking, responsiveness)
- How OS functions regarding computer servers? (Multi-user support, resource utilization).
Computer Organization
- Detailed diagram of computer architecture showing components and connections
I/O Structure
- After I/O starts, control returns to user program only upon I/O completion
- Wait instructions idle the CPU until the next interrupt
- At most one I/O request is outstanding at a time
Storage Structure
- Main memory is the only storage media the CPU can directly access
- Secondary storage extends main memory, providing large, non-volatile capacity
- Magnetic disks are used for storage
- Logical divisions in tracks, then sectors
Process Management
- Activities
- Creating and deleting processes (user and system)
- Suspending and resuming processes
- Mechanisms for process synchronization
- Mechanisms for process communication
- Mechanisms for deadlock handling
Memory Management
- All data in memory before and after processing
- Instructions remain in memory during execution
- Memory management decides what, where, and when is in memory
- Activities include tracking which parts are in use, moving processes and data in and out of memory, and allocating/deallocating memory space as needed
Storage Management
- OS provides a uniform, logical view of information storage
- Abstracts physical properties into logical storage units (files)
- Each storage device (e.g., disk drive, tape drive) is controlled individually
- File system management includes creating/deleting files and directories, file/directory manipulation primitives, mapping onto secondary storage, archival (backup) onto stable storage
Command-Line Interfaces (CLIs)
- Allow direct command entry
- Sometimes implemented in kernel, sometimes by system programs
- Can be composed of built-in commands or names of programs
- Adding new features to commands does not require shell modification
Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)
- Desktop metaphor use mouse, keyboard, monitor
- Icons represent data, programs, and actions
- Various mouse operations (buttons) on GUI objects trigger actions
- Invented at Xerox PARC
System Calls
- Programming interface to OS services
- Typically written in high-level languages (C or C++)
- Accessed by programs via Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)
API-System Call-OS Relationship
- Diagram showing relationships between user applications, user mode, kernel mode, and system call interface
History of Operating Systems
- Early eras included batch systems, multiprogramming, and the rise of PCs
- The Dark Age (1945-55)
- Batch Systems (1955-65)
- Multiprogramming (1965-80)
- Key Operating Systems like IBM's MS-DOS, UNIX, and Linux
OS Structures
- Simple structure (e.g., MS-DOS): not divided into modules, interfaces and levels not well-separated
- Layered approach: OS divided into multiple layers (0 for hardware up to N for user interface)
- Microkernel structure: more modules, in user space, use message passing between modules
- Mac OS-X structure: kernel modules, object orientation approach, talks to each other over interfaces, can be loaded/unloaded as needed
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Description
This quiz covers the essential concepts of operating systems as outlined in the Ceng 305 course. You'll explore topics such as synchronization, memory management, and the goals of operating systems through various theoretical and practical questions inspired by the textbook 'Modern Operating Systems'. Test your knowledge and set a solid foundation for future studies in this critical area of computer science.
