Celluloidin Staining Techniques
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of using dilute celloidin solutions in slide preparation?

  • To provide a yellow color to collagen
  • To remove stains from slides
  • To improve visibility of nuclei
  • To attach sections more firmly to the slide (correct)

    • What is the main source of the dye Hematoxylin?

  • A synthetic chemical
  • A root from an Asian tree
  • The core of a Mexican tree (correct)
  • A plant from South America

    • Hematoxylin is primarily used as a counterstain that produces blue nuclei.

    False

    What should be avoided during dehydration when using celloidin?

    <p>Absolute alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hematoxylin is classified as a true basic dye.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ of a log tree is the source of hematoxylin.

    <p>heartwood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if sections do not appear clear under the microscope after staining?

    <p>Replenish xylol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hematoxylin is formed by the oxidation of hematoxylin through a process known as ______.

    <p>ripening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may cause failure of sections to stay on the slide during staining?

    <p>Dirty or oily slide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chloroform should be avoided when preparing slides for staining.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of stains with their characteristics:

    <p>Hematoxylin = Powerful nuclear and chromatin staining capacity Synthetic stains = Originally manufactured from coal tar Aniline dyes = Collectively derived from the hydrocarbon benzene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common issue that can cause failure of staining?

    <p>Inadequate washing out of paraffin or fixative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be applied to the skin to effectively remove stains?

    <p>0.5% acid alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stains can only be used once and should be discarded after use.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following staining substances with their effects:

    <p>Celloidin = Attaches sections to slides Hematoxylin = Produces red nuclei Absolute alcohol = Solvent for celloidin Acid alcohol = Removes stains from skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can a slide be immersed in xylene for RESTAINING of old sections?

    <p>24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could happen if faults are not corrected during the processing of tissue?

    <p>Entire failure in processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using a base-sledge microtome is recommended for effective decalcification of tissue.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a medical technologist be alert for during tissue processing?

    <p>Faults or problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tilt of the knife should be reduced if the __________ of the block are not clear.

    <p>surfaces and edges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each problem observed during cutting with its corresponding remedy:

    <p>Surfaces and edges of the block are not clear = Re-trim the block Tilt of knife is too great = Reduce the tilt Bevel is not cleared = Clear the bevel Hard spot on the tissue = Your remedy here</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential issue during the cutting process?

    <p>Excessive noise in the lab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining method?

    <p>To demonstrate glycogen-like substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hematoxylin stains basic structures such as proteins and membranes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stain is primarily used to highlight tissue and cells that contain iron?

    <p>Iron-hematoxylin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Nissl stain is specialized for __________ in neurons.

    <p>rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of stains with their main use:

    <p>Giemsa = Highlighting white blood cells and granules Osmic acid = Staining myelin Cresyl violet = Staining proteoglycans Verhoff stain = Staining elastic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color does Eosin stain basic structures?

    <p>Pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neutral dyes are formed by combining aqueous solutions of acid and basic dyes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of immersing paraffin sections in a solvent prior to staining?

    <p>To remove the paraffin wax for better staining permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Methylene blue is classified as a __________ dye.

    <p>basic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using trichrome staining?

    <p>Identifying glycogen in tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color does the Reticulin stain produce?

    <p>Blue/black</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Artifacts in histology only occur as a result of tissue processing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fungal infection is indicated in the image with superficial fungal elements?

    <p>Candida infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A common example of pre-histology artifacts includes ___ from tattoos.

    <p>ink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of stain with its usage:

    <p>Red Oil 3 = Stains fat emboli Reticulin stain = Stains reticular fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a post-histology artifact?

    <p>Ink from tattoos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most post-histology artifacts can be avoided or removed after being discovered.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary color used in Red Oil 3 staining?

    <p>Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Staining Techniques and Precautions

    • Celloidin (cellulose nitrate) coats slides to secure tissue sections; it is soluble in absolute alcohol.
    • Hematoxylin stains nuclei red and is primarily used as a counterstain and to highlight collagen as yellow.
    • Precautions in staining involve avoiding health hazards from stains, ensuring slides are clean, and checking the quality of staining solutions.

    Hematoxylin

    • Derived from the heartwood of Hematoxylin Campechianum, it has strong nuclear and chromatin staining properties.
    • Hematin, the active agent in hematoxylin staining, is formed by the oxidation process known as ripening.
    • Sections can be restained multiple times if securely attached to the slide.

    Synthetic and Acid Dyes

    • Synthetic dyes, also called coal tar dyes or aniline dyes, consist of a chromophore and an auxochrome, derived from coal tar.
    • Acid dyes contain the active coloring substance in their acid component; examples include picric acid and trichloroacetic acid.
    • Basic dyes, such as methylene blue, have the active coloring in their basic component.

    Staining Techniques

    • The H & E (Hematoxylin and Eosin) stain is commonly used in histology, staining acidic structures blue and basic structures pink.
    • TriChrome staining uses three dyes to distinctly highlight intracellular structures, enhancing visualization of blood cells and connective tissues.

    Specific Stains

    • Iron-Hematoxylin stain highlights tissues containing iron, such as muscle and red blood cells.
    • Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining identifies glycogen and other polysaccharides by converting glycol groups into aldehyde groups, yielding a reddish-purple complex.
    • Nissl stain targets rough endoplasmic reticulum in neurons, while silver staining highlights fibers and cytoskeletal elements.

    Artifacts in Histology

    • Pre-histology artifacts arise before tissue collection, such as tattoos or melanin in skin samples.
    • Post-histology artifacts occur due to processing, causing structural changes and color alterations that may affect evaluation.
    • Faults during cutting can lead to poor sectioning; common issues include tilt of the knife and improper trimming of the paraffin block.

    Staining Process for Paraffin Sections

    • Paraffin is poorly permeable; must be dissolved using solvent techniques before staining.
    • Typical procedure involves immersion in solvents like xylene to remove paraffin, followed by various staining methods.
    • Specific staining techniques such as silver staining for reticular fibers and the use of Romanowsky stains for blood cells highlight cellular details effectively.

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    Histopathology & Pathology Preboard Exam Review PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the technique of using celluloidin solutions for preparing and staining slides in microscopy. It details the properties of cellulose nitrate and the importance of avoiding dehydration during the process. Test your understanding of collodionization and its applications in biological studies.

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