Cellular Respiration Quiz

The study of how the body uses food to create energy and build and repair tissues.

Processes that break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

Processes that build complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy.

A simple sugar that serves as a primary energy source for the body.

A complex carbohydrate that is stored in the liver and muscles for later use.

A chemical reaction that breaks down glucose to produce energy (ATP) and other products.

The breakdown of fats for energy.

The breakdown of proteins for energy and building blocks.

The sum of all chemical reactions in the body.

The first stage of cellular respiration that breaks down glucose into pyruvate.

A three-carbon molecule produced by glycolysis. It is then processed further in cellular respiration.

A series of chemical reactions that occur in the cytoplasm, breaking down glucose into pyruvate. It does not require oxygen.

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body.

The process of generating energy (ATP) without oxygen. It happens when cells have limited oxygen.

A process that produces lactic acid as a byproduct of anaerobic respiration. It occurs when oxygen is limited.

The next stage of cellular respiration after glycolysis, where pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA.

A series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria, breaking down acetyl-CoA to produce energy (ATP).

The final stage of cellular respiration, where electrons are passed from molecule to molecule, releasing energy to produce ATP.

The process where bacteria break down lactose in the gut, producing gas, bloating, and potentially diarrhea.

The process of regenerating NAD+ from NADH, essential for glycolysis to continue.

The process of energy production that occurs in the absence of oxygen, where an organic molecule acts as the final electron acceptor.

An enzyme that converts pyruvate to lactate, key in anaerobic respiration.

A metabolic pathway that converts lactate back to glucose in the liver.

A type of fermentation where pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide.

The build-up of lactate in the blood, which can lead to muscle cramps, pain, and even life-threatening conditions.

A high-energy molecule used by cells as their primary source of energy.

A molecule involved in the transfer of electrons during cellular respiration, acting as an electron carrier.

A process that produces ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP.

The process of breaking down glycogen, a stored form of glucose, into individual glucose molecules.

A complex carbohydrate that is a major form of stored energy in plants.

Simple sugars that are the building blocks of more complex carbohydrates.

The inability to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk, due to a deficiency of the enzyme lactase.

An enzyme that breaks down lactose into simpler sugars, glucose and galactose, allowing their absorption.

A series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondrial matrix, where pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA, producing NADH and a small amount of ATP.

A cycle of chemical reactions that occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and breaks down acetyl-CoA into CO2, producing ATP, NADH, and FADH2.

A molecule that carries electrons, donating them to the electron transport chain, ultimately contributing to ATP synthesis.

A molecule that carries electrons, donating them to the electron transport chain, ultimately contributing to ATP synthesis.

The energy currency of the cell, used for various cellular processes, produced primarily during cellular respiration.

A process in which a phosphate group is added to a molecule, often a protein. This can activate or deactivate the molecule, leading to changes in its function.

This refers to the process of converting lactate back to glucose in the liver. This requires energy (ATP) and it's a crucial way the body keeps up the fuel supply for muscles, especially during intense exercise.

The body's way of creating glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids, lactate, and glycerol. It's a vital pathway for maintaining blood glucose levels when carbohydrate intake is low or during prolonged fasting.

The process of converting pyruvate back into glucose. This is part of gluconeogenesis and helps to maintain blood glucose levels.

The heart and brain are crucial organs that require a constant supply of glucose for their function. They cannot function properly without this energy source.

The body's natural way of making its own glucose supply when needed. This serves as a backup mechanism for maintaining blood glucose when dietary sources are limited or insufficient.

Metabolically active organs are those that have high energy demands and rely heavily on glucose metabolism for their function. These organs need a constant supply of glucose to maintain their activity.

Anaerobic glycolysis is a metabolic process that occurs when there is a lack of oxygen. This process produces lactate, a byproduct that can be converted back to glucose through the Cori Cycle.

The liver plays a critical role in maintaining blood glucose levels by converting lactate to glucose through the Cori Cycle. It also makes glucose from non-carbohydrate sources through gluconeogenesis.