Cellular Respiration Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the net yield of ATP from glycolysis?

  • 2 ATP (correct)
  • 4 ATP
  • NADH does not produce ATP
  • 6 ATP

    • Where does pyruvate oxidation primarily take place in the cell?

  • Mitochondrial intermembrane space (correct)
  • Mitochondrial matrix
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus

    • What molecule is produced in the Krebs cycle that is NOT produced in glycolysis?

  • ATP
  • FADH2 (correct)
  • NADH
  • Glucose

    • What is the total yield of NADH from one complete turn of the Krebs cycle?

    <p>6 NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is NADH important in cellular respiration?

    <p>It donates electrons to the electron transport chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATPs are produced via the electron transport chain from the NADH and FADH2 collected?

    <p>Up to 34 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration?

    <p>To generate electron carriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about cellular respiration is incorrect?

    <p>Pyruvate yields FADH2 during its conversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can directly impact metabolism?

    <p>Age and hormone imbalance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can malnutrition typically affect metabolism?

    <p>It results in decreased metabolic efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of inherited metabolic diseases?

    <p>Altered metabolism from birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following biomolecules can NOT be derived from basic dietary components?

    <p>Hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of metabolic diseases, what is a critical clinical factor related to lactate generation?

    <p>It signals abnormalities in glycolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of food provides a primary fuel source in diets?

    <p>Starch and glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do digestive enzymes play in metabolism?

    <p>They catalyze metabolic reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of cancer on cellular metabolism?

    <p>It alters energy consumption patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a basic dietary component of food?

    <p>Metabolic enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when there are faults in metabolic enzymes?

    <p>Overproduction of unwanted by-products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves the conversion of lactate to glucose in the liver?

    <p>Gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Cori Cycle, what is the primary substance transported to the liver from muscles?

    <p>Lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to glucose if it is not needed by the body?

    <p>It is stored as glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two organs are primarily dependent on a constant fuel supply?

    <p>Heart and Brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for the conversion of lactate to glucose during the Cori Cycle?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources?

    <p>Gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which organ does gluconeogenesis predominantly occur?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial product of anaerobic glycolysis before it becomes lactate?

    <p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key consideration is important regarding fuel supply in metabolism?

    <p>Different organs may have different fuel needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of ATP in the body?

    <p>Storage of glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of glycolysis in cellular respiration?

    <p>To convert glucose into pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the location of glycolysis in a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>In the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical process immediately follows glycolysis during cellular respiration?

    <p>Pyruvate processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the Citric Acid Cycle is false?

    <p>It occurs in the nucleus of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What regulates the series of reactions in glycolysis?

    <p>Enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding the final product of glycolysis?

    <p>It is called pyruvate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a characteristic of glycolysis?

    <p>It generates oxygen as a byproduct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many reactions are involved in the glycolytic pathway?

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of molecules are primarily formed during the Electron Transport Chain?

    <p>Water and ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between glycolysis and lactic acid fermentation?

    <p>Pyruvate from glycolysis is the substrate for lactic acid fermentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the end products of glycolysis?

    <p>2 ATP and 2 pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does glycolysis predominantly occur in the cell?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of NAD+ in glycolysis?

    <p>Acts as an electron carrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to lactose when a person is lactose intolerant?

    <p>It remains undigested in the digestive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic process involves the entry of glycogen and starch?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis, how many ATP molecules are net produced?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main simple sugars produced from lactose digestion?

    <p>Galactose and glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced by the reduction of NAD+ during glycolysis?

    <p>NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway directly feeds into ATP generation?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the consequence of a lactase deficiency?

    <p>Lactose remaining undigested</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of lactose fermentation by gut bacteria?

    <p>Gas production and bloating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During anaerobic respiration, what product is formed from pyruvate in the absence of oxygen?

    <p>Lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of NADH to NAD+ during lactic acid formation?

    <p>Lactate dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in the liver after lactic acid is produced during anaerobic respiration?

    <p>Lactic acid is converted back into glucose via the cori cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible serious consequence of extremely high levels of lactate in the body?

    <p>It can cause muscle cramps and may be life-threatening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does NAD+ regeneration relate to the continuity of glycolysis?

    <p>NADH must be converted back to NAD+ for glycolysis to continue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which environment does anaerobic respiration primarily occur?

    <p>When oxygen is absent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates an increase in the rate of glycolysis?

    <p>Increased physical demand and exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic pathway is primarily used by yeast and bacteria during fermentation?

    <p>Anaerobic respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome of undigested lactose in the human gut?

    <p>Gas and bloating due to bacterial fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cellular Respiration

    • Cellular respiration is a process that describes the energy production from glucose.
    • The lecture should cover glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
    • Metabolism is clinically significant as it can reveal diseases such as diabetes, malnutrition, and metabolic diseases like glycogen disorders.
    • Metabolism also relates to age-related impacts on cellular metabolism.
    • The body obtains nutrition from food intake which is broken down into fats, carbohydrates, amino acids and vitamins/minerals.
    • The GI system will be discussed in detail in stage 2 of the curriculum.
    • Glucose is a major fuel source in the human diet.
    • Glucose is a sugar of life with storage and structural purposes.
    • Glucose breaks down to produce energy in the form of ATP.
    • The chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6
    • Chemical processes occur in the conversion of glucose to ATP
    • The breakdown of glucose is via a series of redox reactions involving a transfer of electrons.
    • NAD+ and FAD act as electron carriers.
    • NAD+ is a coenzyme derived from Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide.
    • NAD+ accepts H+ and electrons converted to NADH+H+
    • FAD is derived from Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide.
    • FAD accepts 2 electrons and 2H+ converted to FADH₂
    • NADH and FADH₂ carry high energy electrons
    • NADH produced in various parts of cellular respiration-useful for ATP production via the electron transport chain.
    • FAD proceeds to form FADH2 which is also used for ATP production.
    • ATP is the energy currency of biological systems
    • ATP is used in chemical, mechanical and transport work.
    • Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is through a negative delta G -ATP is broken down to ADP and Pi
    • ATP can be formed into ADP and AMP
    • Glycolysis is the first stage of energy production
    • Glycolysis uses glucose from our diet as a starting material consisting of 10 steps, all controlled by enzymes.
    • Pyruvate is the end product of Glycolysis passed on to the next stage of respiration.
    • Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm
    • Glycolysis overview consists of two major stages
      • Stage 1- this stage needs energy to proceed and requires ATP
      • Stage 2- cyclic rings converted to smaller 3 carbon products
    • The next stage is the oxidation of pyruvate
    • Pyruvate moves into the mitochondria and is oxidised to acetyl coenzyme A (Acetyl CoA) via Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH)
    • The next step is the citric acid cycle
    • The citric acid cycle continues to produce high-energy electrons (NADH and FADH₂).
    • The net yield of glycolysis is 2 ATP and 2 NADH
    • The net yield of pyruvate oxidation is 2 NADH.
    • The net yield of the Krebs cycle is 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2.
    • There are four 'proton pumps' (I, II, III, and IV) in the electron transport chain that use electrons harvested from NADH and FADH2.
    • The process generates a proton gradient
    • ATP synthase uses the proton gradient to produce a large amount of ATP.
    • Total ATP production from 1 molecule of glucose is 30-32.
    • In the absence of oxygen, pyruvate is reduced to form Lactic acid (or lactate).
    • The Cori Cycle allows for the recovery of lactate from muscle tissue to the liver to create glucose.
    • Gluconeogenesis is the process of making glucose from other molecules, which are then transported to the liver, or muscle.

    Lactose Intolerance

    • Lactose is a sugar present in milk.
    • The enzyme Lactase converts lactose into glucose and galactose.
    • If there is a lack or low levels of lactase, lactose remains undigested
    • This causes gas, bloating, and diarrhea.

    Other notes

    • There are various metabolic processes related to carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism in the human body
    • Information on other metabolic processes is in later stages of the program.

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    MPharm PHA115 Essential Biochemistry: Cellular Respiration W10 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on cellular respiration, including glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. This quiz also explores the clinical significance of metabolism and its relation to nutrition and various metabolic diseases.

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