Cellular Respiration Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What happens to a molecule when it loses electrons?

It becomes reduced.

It becomes oxidized. (correct)

It forms a neutral ion.

It gains energy.

Which of the following statements is true about the reduced form of NAD+?

It is the same as ATP.

It has lost electrons.

It is negatively charged. (correct)

It has gained electrons. (correct)

During cellular respiration, what is the role of oxygen?

It is reduced. (correct)

It provides glucose.

It produces ATP.

It is oxidized.

What process occurs first in cellular respiration to generate ATP from glucose?

Glycolysis. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to the energy stored in glucose when it is oxidized?

It is released and captured by ATP. Signup and view all the answers

What molecule begins the Citric Acid Cycle?

Oxaloacetate Signup and view all the answers

How many carbon atoms from glucose are released as CO2 by the end of the Citric Acid Cycle?

6 Signup and view all the answers

During the Citric Acid Cycle, how many ATP molecules are produced?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of NADH and FADH2 produced during cellular respiration?

They act as electron carriers. Signup and view all the answers

What process transforms the energy in electron carriers into ATP?

Oxidative phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

What generates the H+ concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Signup and view all the answers

How many net ATP are produced from glycolysis?

2 Signup and view all the answers

How many NADH molecules are generated from glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the Citric Acid Cycle combined?

10 Signup and view all the answers

What type of reactions are catabolic reactions categorized as?

Exergonic reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ATP in the cell?

To store chemical energy Signup and view all the answers

How is ADP formed in the cell?

By removing a phosphate group from ATP Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes anabolic reactions?

They require energy to build new molecules. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the energy released from catabolic reactions?

It powers anabolic reactions. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes exergonic reactions?

They release energy. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about ATP is true?

It contains three phosphate groups. Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction type involves the breakdown of food to release energy?

Catabolic reactions Signup and view all the answers

What process directly attaches a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP during glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle?

Substrate-level phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules serve as the primary electron carriers in cellular respiration?

NAD+ and NADH Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) in cellular respiration?

To create a proton concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is produced alongside ATP when glucose is metabolized during cellular respiration?

NADH Signup and view all the answers

In oxidative phosphorylation, what role does ATP synthase play?

It generates ATP using the proton gradient Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall equation for cellular respiration, starting from glucose and oxygen?

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP Signup and view all the answers

What process involves the removal of high-energy electrons during the Citric Acid Cycle?

Pyruvate oxidation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of electron carriers in cellular respiration?

They capture and relocate energy from reactions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of ATP in cellular processes?

To store and release energy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes differentiates between substrate-level phosphorylation and chemiosmosis?

Substrate-level phosphorylation directly generates ATP Signup and view all the answers

How many carbon atoms are found in glucose when it undergoes glycolysis?

6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of feedback inhibition on cellular respiration?

It regulates enzyme activity to prevent overproduction Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes endergonic reactions from exergonic reactions?

Endergonic reactions have positive Gibbs free energy changes, while exergonic reactions have negative changes Signup and view all the answers

Which gas plays a crucial role in the process of cellular respiration?

Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs during fermentation in the absence of oxygen?

Lactic acid or alcohol production Signup and view all the answers

In cellular respiration, where does the majority of ATP production occur?

Electron Transport Chain Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cellular Respiration: From Eating to Energy

The human body needs to eat to provide energy for various functions, including cellular metabolism.
Metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions involved in breaking down and building molecules within an organism.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the main energy currency of cells, storing energy in its chemical bonds between phosphate groups.
ADP (adenosine diphosphate) is a lower energy form with two phosphate groups.
Catabolic reactions break down molecules, releasing energy. These reactions are also exergonic, meaning they release energy.
Anabolic reactions build up molecules, requiring energy. These reactions are also endergonic, meaning they require energy.
Oxidation is the loss of electrons, often associated with breaking chemical bonds and forming positively-charged ions.
Reduction is the gain of electrons, often associated with forming new chemical bonds and forming negatively-charged ions.
NAD+ is an oxidized electron carrier, and NADH is its reduced form.
Cellular respiration is a process that generates energy from glucose. It involves a series of steps that occur in multiple cellular locations.
Glycolysis is the first step of cellular respiration, occurring in the cytoplasm, where glucose is split into two pyruvate molecules.
Pyruvate oxidation occurs in the mitochondria, where pyruvate molecules are further processed.
The Citric Acid Cycle (or Krebs Cycle) occurs in the mitochondria, where energy-rich electrons are removed from processed pyruvate molecules.
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria, using the energy from high-energy electrons to build ATP.
Substrate-level phosphorylation is a direct transfer of a phosphate group from a molecule (substrate) to ADP.
Oxidative phosphorylation, using the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and chemiosmosis, creates a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane to generate ATP.
The Electron Transport Chain uses electron carriers to create a proton gradient.
Electron carriers like NADH carry energy from one reaction to another.
The overall chemical equation for cellular respiration is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ~36 ATP
Glucose is broken down to carbon dioxide, and ATP and electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) are produced.
The Citric Acid Cycle begins with oxaloacetate (a 4-carbon molecule).
Acetyl-CoA (a 2-carbon molecule) enters the cycle, ultimately forming NADH.
Two carbons are released as CO2 during the cycle.
The Citric Acid Cycle produces 2 (net) ATP from glycolysis and 2 ATP from the cycle itself.
Oxidative phosphorylation, the final stage of cellular respiration, produces the majority of ATP.
The Electron Transport Chain pumps protons into the mitochondrial intermembrane space, creating a proton concentration gradient.
Chemiosmosis uses the energy from the proton gradient to create ATP using ATP synthase.
Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen, and it uses alternative pathways to regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis.
Alcohol fermentation produces ethanol.
Lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid.
Feedback inhibition regulates the rate of cellular respiration by controlling enzyme activity.

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Description

Test your knowledge on cellular respiration, metabolism, and the roles of ATP and ADP in energy transfer. Explore key concepts such as catabolic and anabolic reactions as well as oxidation and reduction processes. This quiz will challenge your understanding of how the human body generates energy from food.