Questions and Answers
What is the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen?
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate
What is glycolysis?
Splitting of a 6-carbon glucose into two pyruvates, each having 3 carbons.
Write the cellular respiration equation.
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What is a waste product of cellular respiration?
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What does the Krebs cycle produce?
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What is fermentation?
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What is chemiosmosis?
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What remains when a phosphate group is removed from ATP?
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What is the reaction process of inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide called?
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An anaerobic process requires oxygen.
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What does 'Glyco' refer to?
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What is the innermost compartment of the mitochondrion called?
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What does respiration involve?
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What are NADH and FADH2?
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How many ATP molecules does the Electron Transport Chain provide a cell with?
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What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration?
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What is the bridge reaction?
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How many ATP molecules does Glycolysis provide?
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An aerobic process requires oxygen.
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What is lactic acid fermentation?
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What are cristae?
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What are electron carriers?
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What is alcoholic fermentation?
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What is the function of cellular respiration?
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What is another name for the Krebs cycle?
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What does 'cellular' refer to?
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What is the singular form of mitochondria?
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Study Notes
Cellular Respiration Overview
- Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
- Major processes involved are glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
Key Terms and Definitions
- ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): Main energy source cells use for most functions.
- Glycolysis: Splits a 6-carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules.
- Cellular respiration equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP.
- Carbon Dioxide: A waste product produced during cellular respiration.
- Krebs Cycle: Generates energy-carrying molecules for the electron transport chain.
Energy Production
- Fermentation: Allows cells to release energy without oxygen, occurring in anaerobic conditions.
- Chemiosmosis: Synthesizes ATP using the electrochemical gradient through ATP synthase.
- ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate): Remains after a phosphate group is removed from ATP, releasing energy.
- Electron Transport Chain provides a net gain of 32 ATP molecules for the cell from one glucose molecule.
Respiration Processes
- Inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide are basic reactant and product of cellular respiration.
- Anaerobic process: Does not require oxygen, unlike aerobic processes which do.
- Lactic Acid Fermentation: Breakdown of carbohydrates resulting in lactic acid.
- Alcoholic Fermentation: Breakdown of sugars by yeasts and microorganisms producing carbon dioxide and ethanol.
Mitochondrion and Structure
- Matrix: The innermost compartment of the mitochondrion where the Krebs cycle occurs.
- Cristae: Infoldings of the inner mitochondrial membrane that house the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis enzyme.
- Electron Carriers (NADH and FADH2): Molecules that transport high-energy electrons through the electron transport chain.
Function and Summary
- Function of cellular respiration: Converts sugars into usable energy (ATP) for the cell's activities.
- Citric acid cycle: Alternate name for the Krebs cycle, integral in energy production.
- Bridge reaction: Intermediary step converting pyruvic acid into Acetyl-CoA while producing NADH, linking glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
Net Gains
- Glycolysis results in a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.
- The entire process of cellular respiration can yield approximately 36 to 38 ATP molecules from one glucose molecule when fully aerobic.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of cellular respiration through this quiz. Learn about key terms such as ATP, glycolysis, and the overall process that powers cellular energy. Test your understanding and solidify your knowledge of how energy is released in cells.
