Cellular Respiration Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen?

  • Glycolysis
  • Fermentation
  • Cellular Respiration (correct)
  • Anaerobic Process

    • What does ATP stand for?

    Adenosine triphosphate

    What is glycolysis?

    Splitting of a 6-carbon glucose into two pyruvates, each having 3 carbons.

    Write the cellular respiration equation.

    <p>C6H12O6 + 6O2 --&gt; 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a waste product of cellular respiration?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Krebs cycle produce?

    <p>Molecules that carry energy to the second part of cellular respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fermentation?

    <p>Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chemiosmosis?

    <p>A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What remains when a phosphate group is removed from ATP?

    <p>ADP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reaction process of inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide called?

    <p>Reactant and product of cell respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An anaerobic process requires oxygen.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Glyco' refer to?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innermost compartment of the mitochondrion called?

    <p>Matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does respiration involve?

    <p>Inhalation and exhalation of air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are NADH and FADH2?

    <p>Electron carriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules does the Electron Transport Chain provide a cell with?

    <p>32 ATP molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration?

    <p>Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport Chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bridge reaction?

    <p>Takes the 2 molecules of pyruvic acid made and makes them into 2 molecules of Acetyl-CoA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules does Glycolysis provide?

    <p>2 ATP molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An aerobic process requires oxygen.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is lactic acid fermentation?

    <p>The chemical breakdown of carbohydrates that produces lactic acid as the main end product.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cristae?

    <p>Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are electron carriers?

    <p>Molecules that can carry high-energy electrons through the electron transport chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is alcoholic fermentation?

    <p>The anaerobic process by which yeasts and other microorganisms break down sugars to form carbon dioxide and ethanol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cellular respiration?

    <p>Cellular respiration is what cells do to break up sugars into a form that the cell can use as energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for the Krebs cycle?

    <p>Citric acid cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'cellular' refer to?

    <p>Occurs in the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the singular form of mitochondria?

    <p>Mitochondrion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cellular Respiration Overview

    • Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
    • Major processes involved are glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

    Key Terms and Definitions

    • ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): Main energy source cells use for most functions.
    • Glycolysis: Splits a 6-carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules.
    • Cellular respiration equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP.
    • Carbon Dioxide: A waste product produced during cellular respiration.
    • Krebs Cycle: Generates energy-carrying molecules for the electron transport chain.

    Energy Production

    • Fermentation: Allows cells to release energy without oxygen, occurring in anaerobic conditions.
    • Chemiosmosis: Synthesizes ATP using the electrochemical gradient through ATP synthase.
    • ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate): Remains after a phosphate group is removed from ATP, releasing energy.
    • Electron Transport Chain provides a net gain of 32 ATP molecules for the cell from one glucose molecule.

    Respiration Processes

    • Inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide are basic reactant and product of cellular respiration.
    • Anaerobic process: Does not require oxygen, unlike aerobic processes which do.
    • Lactic Acid Fermentation: Breakdown of carbohydrates resulting in lactic acid.
    • Alcoholic Fermentation: Breakdown of sugars by yeasts and microorganisms producing carbon dioxide and ethanol.

    Mitochondrion and Structure

    • Matrix: The innermost compartment of the mitochondrion where the Krebs cycle occurs.
    • Cristae: Infoldings of the inner mitochondrial membrane that house the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis enzyme.
    • Electron Carriers (NADH and FADH2): Molecules that transport high-energy electrons through the electron transport chain.

    Function and Summary

    • Function of cellular respiration: Converts sugars into usable energy (ATP) for the cell's activities.
    • Citric acid cycle: Alternate name for the Krebs cycle, integral in energy production.
    • Bridge reaction: Intermediary step converting pyruvic acid into Acetyl-CoA while producing NADH, linking glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.

    Net Gains

    • Glycolysis results in a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.
    • The entire process of cellular respiration can yield approximately 36 to 38 ATP molecules from one glucose molecule when fully aerobic.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of cellular respiration through this quiz. Learn about key terms such as ATP, glycolysis, and the overall process that powers cellular energy. Test your understanding and solidify your knowledge of how energy is released in cells.

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