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Questions and Answers
For one molecule of glucose, what is the maximum number of ATP molecules created directly from the Krebs cycle?
For one molecule of glucose, what is the maximum number of ATP molecules created directly from the Krebs cycle?
- 4
- 1
- 2 (correct)
- 3
What is the name of the mechanism by which pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by the end-product of the biochemical pathway?
What is the name of the mechanism by which pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by the end-product of the biochemical pathway?
- Catabolism
- Anabolism
- Regulation
- Negative inhibition (correct)
Because it has 6 carbons, glucose can power 6 cycles (turns) of the Krebs cycle.
Because it has 6 carbons, glucose can power 6 cycles (turns) of the Krebs cycle.
False (B)
What are autotrophs?
What are autotrophs?
What are heterotrophs?
What are heterotrophs?
What happens during a redox reaction?
What happens during a redox reaction?
Nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD+) accepts ______ electrons and ______ proton to become NADH.
Nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD+) accepts ______ electrons and ______ proton to become NADH.
What is the final electron receptor in aerobic respiration?
What is the final electron receptor in aerobic respiration?
What type of final electron acceptor is used in anaerobic respiration?
What type of final electron acceptor is used in anaerobic respiration?
What is the final electron acceptor in fermentation?
What is the final electron acceptor in fermentation?
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Study Notes
Cellular Respiration
- Krebs Cycle ATP Yield: For one glucose molecule, the Krebs cycle directly produces a maximum of 2 ATP molecules.
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Inhibition
- Mechanism: The inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase by the end-product of the biochemical pathway is known as negative feedback inhibition.
Glucose and the Krebs Cycle
- False: Glucose has 6 carbons, but it can power 2 turns of the Krebs cycle, not 6.
Energy Acquisition
- Autotrophs: Able to produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis, using light energy.
- Heterotrophs: Obtain energy from organic compounds produced by other organisms.
- All organisms utilize cellular respiration to extract energy from organic molecules.
Cellular Respiration Basics
- Cellular respiration is a series of reactions that break down organic molecules to release energy.
- Oxidation: Loss of electrons from a molecule.
- Reduction: Gain of electrons by a molecule.
- Dehydrogenation: Loss of electrons accompanied by protons, resulting in the loss of a hydrogen atom (one electron and one proton).
Redox Reactions and NAD+
- Redox reactions involve the transfer of energy carried by electrons between molecules.
- Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) is an electron carrier.
- NAD+ accepts two electrons and one proton to become NADH. This reaction is reversible.
- NADH can donate electrons to other molecules.
Electron Transfer in Cellular Energy Harvest
- Cellular respiration involves numerous redox reactions.
- Various electron acceptors, including NAD+, are used.
- The high-energy electrons from initial chemical bonds lose energy during transfer to a final electron acceptor.
Respiration Types
- Aerobic Respiration: Oxygen (O2) is the final electron acceptor.
- Anaerobic Respiration: An inorganic molecule (other than O2) is the final electron acceptor.
- Fermentation: An organic molecule is the final electron acceptor.
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