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What is the primary purpose of cellular respiration?
What is the primary purpose of cellular respiration?
Which of the following correctly lists the metabolic stages of cellular respiration?
Which of the following correctly lists the metabolic stages of cellular respiration?
During which stage of cellular respiration is glucose primarily broken down?
During which stage of cellular respiration is glucose primarily broken down?
What is generated as a direct result of the oxidation of organic molecules during cellular respiration?
What is generated as a direct result of the oxidation of organic molecules during cellular respiration?
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In the context of redox reactions during cellular respiration, which of the following is true?
In the context of redox reactions during cellular respiration, which of the following is true?
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Which of the following occurs in the cytosol during the process of cellular respiration?
Which of the following occurs in the cytosol during the process of cellular respiration?
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What is the net energy yield (in ATP) from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis?
What is the net energy yield (in ATP) from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis?
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Which product of the Citric Acid Cycle is immediately used for cellular respiration?
Which product of the Citric Acid Cycle is immediately used for cellular respiration?
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What type of biological reaction do the processes of oxidation and reduction represent?
What type of biological reaction do the processes of oxidation and reduction represent?
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Which of the following statements about cellular respiration is false?
Which of the following statements about cellular respiration is false?
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What role do cytochromes play in the electron transport chain?
What role do cytochromes play in the electron transport chain?
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How many protons are required to synthesize one ATP through ATP synthase?
How many protons are required to synthesize one ATP through ATP synthase?
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What is the primary source of energy for the proton gradient established in the inner mitochondrial membrane?
What is the primary source of energy for the proton gradient established in the inner mitochondrial membrane?
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What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
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What product is formed when ATP is synthesized by ATP synthase?
What product is formed when ATP is synthesized by ATP synthase?
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What is the overall equation for cellular respiration in terms of glucose conversion?
What is the overall equation for cellular respiration in terms of glucose conversion?
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What mechanism does ATP synthase use to generate ATP?
What mechanism does ATP synthase use to generate ATP?
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What happens to protons after they flow through ATP synthase?
What happens to protons after they flow through ATP synthase?
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What best describes the flow of energy during cellular respiration?
What best describes the flow of energy during cellular respiration?
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What is the significance of the proton motive force in cellular respiration?
What is the significance of the proton motive force in cellular respiration?
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What phase of glycolysis involves the consumption of ATP?
What phase of glycolysis involves the consumption of ATP?
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What type of phosphorylation is responsible for the production of ATP during glycolysis?
What type of phosphorylation is responsible for the production of ATP during glycolysis?
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What is produced from the conversion of 2 pyruvate during the Citric Acid Cycle?
What is produced from the conversion of 2 pyruvate during the Citric Acid Cycle?
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During oxidative phosphorylation, where do the electron transport chains reside?
During oxidative phosphorylation, where do the electron transport chains reside?
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What role does NAD+ play in the production of NADH during glycolysis?
What role does NAD+ play in the production of NADH during glycolysis?
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Which enzyme complex is responsible for converting pyruvate to acetyl CoA?
Which enzyme complex is responsible for converting pyruvate to acetyl CoA?
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What is the main purpose of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
What is the main purpose of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
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During the energy payoff phase of glycolysis, which of these is NOT produced?
During the energy payoff phase of glycolysis, which of these is NOT produced?
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In the absence of oxygen, how will NADH regenerate NAD+?
In the absence of oxygen, how will NADH regenerate NAD+?
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Which product is a direct result of the dehydrogenase enzyme's action during glycolysis?
Which product is a direct result of the dehydrogenase enzyme's action during glycolysis?
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Study Notes
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
- Organic compounds store energy in their atomic arrangements.
- Catabolic pathways break down complex organic molecules (high energy) into simpler waste products (lower energy).
- Energy is transferred from nutrient molecules to energy-rich molecules used by cells for work.
- Cellular respiration breaks down organic compounds in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and usable energy (ATP).
- Organic compounds broken down include carbohydrates (e.g., glucose), fats, and proteins.
- Chemical reaction for glucose breakdown: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Energy (ATP + Heat)
- AG = -686 kcal/mol of glucose
Where does Cellular Respiration Occur?
- Cellular respiration is the controlled stepwise oxidation of organic molecules in cells.
- Enzymes catalyze oxidation in small steps, transferring energy to carrier molecules (often ATP and NADH).
What is Oxidation?
- Catabolism involves electron relocation, releasing stored energy used for ATP synthesis.
- Relocating electrons involves transferring one or more electrons from one reactant to another.
- These electron transfers are oxidation-reduction (Redox) reactions
- Oxidations and reductions always occur together.
Cellular Respiration Stages
- Cellular respiration of glucose has three metabolic stages:
- Glycolysis
- Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle, TCA Cycle)
- Oxidative Phosphorylation (Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis)
Glycolysis
- Occurs in the cytosol.
- Does not require oxygen.
- Breaks down glucose into pyruvate.
- Produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH molecules.
- 10 enzymatic steps.
Citric Acid Cycle
- Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
- Pyruvate converted to acetyl-CoA.
- Produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH₂ through a series of oxidation-reduction reactions.
- Each cycle releases 3 CO2.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- Electron transport chain (ETC) transfers electrons from NADH and FADH₂ to oxygen.
- Generates a proton gradient used by ATP synthase to produce ATP (chemiosmosis).
- Maximum ATP production per glucose is 30-32 ATP.
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Description
Explore the intricate process of cellular respiration with this quiz. You'll learn how organic compounds are broken down to produce energy and the crucial role of enzymes and oxidation in this vital biological process. Test your knowledge on the pathways and chemical reactions involved in energy production.
