Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of cellular respiration?

  • To synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
  • To facilitate the release of carbon dioxide and oxygen.
  • To transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP. (correct)
  • To store energy in complex organic molecules.

    • Which of the following correctly lists the metabolic stages of cellular respiration?

  • Hydrolysis, Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle
  • Fermentation, Citric Acid Cycle, Glycolysis
  • Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation (correct)
  • Glycolysis, Fermentation, Electron Transport Chain

    • During which stage of cellular respiration is glucose primarily broken down?

  • Citric Acid Cycle
  • Oxidative Phosphorylation
  • Glycolysis (correct)
  • Electron Transport Chain

    • What is generated as a direct result of the oxidation of organic molecules during cellular respiration?

    <p>NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of redox reactions during cellular respiration, which of the following is true?

    <p>Oxidizing agents donate electrons during the process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following occurs in the cytosol during the process of cellular respiration?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net energy yield (in ATP) from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis?

    <p>2 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which product of the Citric Acid Cycle is immediately used for cellular respiration?

    <p>NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of biological reaction do the processes of oxidation and reduction represent?

    <p>Redox reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about cellular respiration is false?

    <p>It requires oxygen for the glycolysis stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do cytochromes play in the electron transport chain?

    <p>They transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many protons are required to synthesize one ATP through ATP synthase?

    <p>3 to 4 H+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for the proton gradient established in the inner mitochondrial membrane?

    <p>The exergonic flow of electrons through the electron transport chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

    <p>O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What product is formed when ATP is synthesized by ATP synthase?

    <p>ATP and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall equation for cellular respiration in terms of glucose conversion?

    <p>C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism does ATP synthase use to generate ATP?

    <p>It uses the proton motive force established by the gradient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to protons after they flow through ATP synthase?

    <p>They combine with electrons and oxygen to form water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the flow of energy during cellular respiration?

    <p>Glucose → NADH → Electron Transport Chain → ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the proton motive force in cellular respiration?

    <p>It is essential for the production of ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phase of glycolysis involves the consumption of ATP?

    <p>Energy investment phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of phosphorylation is responsible for the production of ATP during glycolysis?

    <p>Substrate-level phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced from the conversion of 2 pyruvate during the Citric Acid Cycle?

    <p>3 CO2, 4 NADH, 1 ATP, and 1 FADH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During oxidative phosphorylation, where do the electron transport chains reside?

    <p>Inner mitochondrial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does NAD+ play in the production of NADH during glycolysis?

    <p>It accepts electrons and protons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme complex is responsible for converting pyruvate to acetyl CoA?

    <p>Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

    <p>To generate a proton gradient for ATP synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the energy payoff phase of glycolysis, which of these is NOT produced?

    <p>FADH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the absence of oxygen, how will NADH regenerate NAD+?

    <p>By undergoing fermentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which product is a direct result of the dehydrogenase enzyme's action during glycolysis?

    <p>NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

    • Organic compounds store energy in their atomic arrangements.
    • Catabolic pathways break down complex organic molecules (high energy) into simpler waste products (lower energy).
    • Energy is transferred from nutrient molecules to energy-rich molecules used by cells for work.
    • Cellular respiration breaks down organic compounds in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and usable energy (ATP).
    • Organic compounds broken down include carbohydrates (e.g., glucose), fats, and proteins.
    • Chemical reaction for glucose breakdown: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Energy (ATP + Heat)
    • AG = -686 kcal/mol of glucose

    Where does Cellular Respiration Occur?

    • Cellular respiration is the controlled stepwise oxidation of organic molecules in cells.
    • Enzymes catalyze oxidation in small steps, transferring energy to carrier molecules (often ATP and NADH).

    What is Oxidation?

    • Catabolism involves electron relocation, releasing stored energy used for ATP synthesis.
    • Relocating electrons involves transferring one or more electrons from one reactant to another.
    • These electron transfers are oxidation-reduction (Redox) reactions
    • Oxidations and reductions always occur together.

    Cellular Respiration Stages

    • Cellular respiration of glucose has three metabolic stages:
      • Glycolysis
      • Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle, TCA Cycle)
      • Oxidative Phosphorylation (Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis)

    Glycolysis

    • Occurs in the cytosol.
    • Does not require oxygen.
    • Breaks down glucose into pyruvate.
    • Produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH molecules.
    • 10 enzymatic steps.

    Citric Acid Cycle

    • Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
    • Pyruvate converted to acetyl-CoA.
    • Produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH₂ through a series of oxidation-reduction reactions.
    • Each cycle releases 3 CO2.

    Oxidative Phosphorylation

    • Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
    • Electron transport chain (ETC) transfers electrons from NADH and FADH₂ to oxygen.
    • Generates a proton gradient used by ATP synthase to produce ATP (chemiosmosis).
    • Maximum ATP production per glucose is 30-32 ATP.

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    Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricate process of cellular respiration with this quiz. You'll learn how organic compounds are broken down to produce energy and the crucial role of enzymes and oxidation in this vital biological process. Test your knowledge on the pathways and chemical reactions involved in energy production.

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