Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is represented by the hexagon?

Glucose (6C)

How many carbon atoms (C) are in one molecule of glucose?

How many carbon atoms (C) are in one molecule of pyruvic acid?

In the process of glycolysis, what happens to glucose after it crosses the cell membrane into the cytoplasm of the cell?

It splits into 2 pyruvic acids when it crossed. Signup and view all the answers

Explain why there is one molecule of glucose on the left side of the arrow and two molecules of pyruvic acid on the right side of the arrow.

There are three carbons in pyruvic acid, so since glucose had six carbons, it split into two pyruvics making six altogether. Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol of the hydrogen-carrying molecules produced during glycolysis?

NADPH Signup and view all the answers

Does glycolysis occur inside or outside the mitochondria?

Outside Signup and view all the answers

What happens to pyruvic acid during the Kreb's cycle?

It turns into 3 molecules of carbon dioxide. Signup and view all the answers

Where does the change of pyruvic acid occur during the Kreb's cycle?

Mitochondrial matrix. Signup and view all the answers

Explain why three molecules of carbon dioxide are produced from pyruvic acid.

Each pyruvic acid molecule contains 3 carbon atoms and each carbon dioxide molecule contains only 1. Signup and view all the answers

How many total CO2 molecules will be produced from the complete breakdown of each glucose molecule?

6 Signup and view all the answers

What two hydrogen-carrying molecules are formed during the Kreb's cycle?

NADH, FADH2 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following processes with their respective ATP and hydrogen carrier outputs:

Glycolysis = ATP-2, NADH-2, FADH2-0 Kreb's Cycle (1st pyruvic acid) = ATP-1, NADH-4, FADH2-1 Kreb's Cycle (2nd pyruvic acid) = ATP-1, NADH-4, FADH2-1 Signup and view all the answers

What cell structure is the site for the electron transport chain?

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Signup and view all the answers

What substance do the carrier proteins transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

H+ Signup and view all the answers

What high energy molecules are formed by the electron transport chain?

ATP Signup and view all the answers

What atom accepts the hydrogen ion at the end of the electron transport chain?

Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What molecule is formed as a product of oxygen accepting hydrogen ions?

Water Signup and view all the answers

Why does the electron transport chain constitute an aerobic process?

The ETC requires oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What is the total ATP produced from glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, and the electron transport chain?

38 Signup and view all the answers

What two substances are produced in anaerobic respiration?

Lactic acid/alcohol + CO2 Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the energy available to organisms that carry out fermentation?

They don't need much energy since glycolysis produces only a little ATP & fermentation produced none. Signup and view all the answers

How does overexertion relate to the formation of lactic acid?

The lactic acid produced builds up and produces a burning sensation in the muscles. Signup and view all the answers

What common foods involve the process of fermentation?

Cheese- various fungi; Bread- Saccharomyces cerevisiae & other yeasts; Yogurt- various bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cellular Respiration Overview

Glucose Structure: Represented by a hexagon; consists of 6 carbon atoms (C).
Glycolysis Process: Glucose splits into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid, each containing 3 carbons.
ATP Production in Glycolysis: 2 ATP molecules generated.
Hydrogen-Carrying Molecules: NADPH produced during glycolysis.
Glycolysis Location: Takes place in the cytoplasm, outside the mitochondria.

Kreb's Cycle Insights

Pyruvic Acid Conversion: Turns into 3 molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) during the Kreb's cycle.
Change Location: Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
CO2 Production Calculation: From 1 glucose, 6 CO2 produced due to 2 pyruvic acids (3 carbons each).
Hydrogen-Carriers in Kreb's Cycle: NADH and FADH2 generated during the cycle.

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Location of ETC: Inner mitochondrial membrane is where electron transport occurs.
Ion Transport: Carrier proteins transport hydrogen ions (H+) across the membrane.
ATP Formation: High-energy ATP molecules produced.
Final Electron Acceptor: Oxygen accepts hydrogen ions, forming water.

Energy Production Summary

Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Processes: The ETC is aerobic, requiring oxygen; glycolysis is anaerobic.
Total ATP Production: 38 ATP molecules produced from one glucose molecule breakdown (2 from glycolysis, 2 from Kreb's cycle, 34 from ETC).
Respiratory Byproducts: 6 CO2 from Kreb's cycle, 6 H2O from ETC.
Substances in Anaerobic Respiration: Results in lactic acid/alcohol and CO2.

Impact of Oxygen on Cellular Energy

Energy Availability: Without oxygen, ATP production drastically reduces, affecting critical functions of the brain and heart.
Lactic Acid Formation: Related to muscle overexertion, causing "the burn" sensation as anaerobic respiration occurs.

Fermentation and Food Production

Common Fermented Foods: Cheese (fungi), bread (yeasts like Saccharomyces cerevisiae), yogurt (bacteria) involve fermentation processes.

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Description

Explore key concepts of cellular respiration with these flashcards. Test your knowledge on glucose, pyruvic acid, and glycolysis. Perfect for students studying biology or preparing for exams.