Cellular Respiration & Fermentation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the products produced during anaerobic respiration in muscles?

ATP, pyruvic acid, lactic acid

NAD, lactic acid, CO2 (correct)

Oxygen, glucose, ATP

NAD, water, glucose

How much ATP is produced per glucose during anaerobic respiration?

4 ATP

5 ATP

1 ATP

2 ATP (correct)

What happens to lactic acid when oxygen becomes available again?

It is oxidized back to pyruvic acid (correct)

It is converted to glucose

It is stored in the muscles indefinitely

It is removed from the body as waste

What process do some cells rely on when there is not enough oxygen for cellular respiration?

Glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

Why is anaerobic respiration considered less efficient?

It produces fewer ATP per glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of lactic acid accumulation in muscles?

Fatigue and soreness Signup and view all the answers

What is recycled through fermentation when cells rely on glycolysis for ATP?

NAD Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of low oxygen availability in cells?

Shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of fermentation in the context of glycolysis?

To regenerate electron carriers Signup and view all the answers

Why might cells undergo glycolysis instead of cellular respiration?

Oxygen is not present in sufficient quantities Signup and view all the answers

What type of fermentation occurs in muscle cells when oxygen is low?

Lactic acid fermentation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms commonly perform ethanol fermentation?

Bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What role does pyruvate play in lactic acid fermentation?

It accepts H+ from NADH. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about fermentation is true?

Fermentation can occur in low-oxygen conditions. Signup and view all the answers

Which fermentation process is characteristic of yeast?

Ethanol fermentation Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the conversion of lactate to glucose?

Conversion of lactate to pyruvate Signup and view all the answers

During the training cycle, where does glucose originate from?

Lactate Signup and view all the answers

What step involves converting lactate into free glucose?

Step 7 Signup and view all the answers

What is carried by blood back to the skeletal muscles?

Free glucose Signup and view all the answers

What happens during step 8 in the process of transforming lactate?

Free glucose is circulated in the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What physiological process occurs during rest involving glucose?

Glucose is used to restore muscle glycogen. Signup and view all the answers

Which step is related to the return of glucose to muscle tissue?

Step 9 is responsible for glycogen restoration. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glucose during the recovery phase for muscles?

To help restore muscle glycogen. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of glucose during rest?

Reducing blood sugar levels. Signup and view all the answers

How does glucose return to muscle tissues according to the process outlined?

Via blood circulation. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cellular Respiration & Fermentation

When oxygen is limited, cells rely on glycolysis to produce ATP and recycle NAD+ via fermentation.
Two main types of fermentation:
- Ethanol Fermentation: occurs in bacteria, fungi, and yeast
- Lactic Acid Fermentation: occurs in muscle cells when oxygen is low

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Pyruvate accepts hydrogen ions (H+) from NADH, regenerating NAD+. This produces lactic acid and carbon dioxide (CO2).
Lactic acid fermentation produces 2 ATP per glucose molecule, which is less efficient than aerobic respiration.
When oxygen becomes available, lactic acid is oxidized back to pyruvic acid and enters the Krebs cycle.

Muscle Glycogen Restoration

During exercise, muscle cells use glycogen as a source of glucose.
Lactic acid generated during exercise is transported by the blood to the skeletal muscles.
During rest, the glucose from lactic acid is used to replenish muscle glycogen stores.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the processes of cellular respiration and fermentation. This quiz covers key concepts related to glycolysis, types of fermentation, and muscle glycogen restoration during exercise. Learn the differences between ethanol and lactic acid fermentation and their roles in ATP production.