4-L2
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of ATP concentration in regulating electron transport and ATP synthesis?

  • It increases the ADP concentration
  • It stops the ATP synthase when it is low
  • It has no effect on both processes
  • It regulates both processes by controlling proton pumping (correct)

    • What happens when ATP concentration is high in the mitochondria?

  • ATP synthase stops due to lack of substrate (correct)
  • Proton pumping to the outside increases
  • H+ transport back into the mitochondria increases
  • Electron transport increases

    • What is the effect of uncouplers on the electron transport and ATP synthesis?

  • They increase the ATP production
  • They decrease the proton pumping
  • They uncouple the two processes, dissipating the proton motive force as heat (correct)
  • They have no effect on the two processes

    • What is the significance of proton leak in the mitochondria?

    <p>It accounts for 20-25% of the basal metabolic rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) in the mitochondria?

    <p>To uncouple electron transport from ATP production to produce heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of UCP1 in the mitochondria?

    <p>It is involved in non-shivering thermogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of stage 1 of catabolism?

    <p>Breakdown of complex molecules to their component building blocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of uncoupling electron transport and ATP synthesis?

    <p>Dissipation of proton motive force as heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the electron transport system?

    <p>To pump protons into the intermembrane space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the complete oxidation of glucose?

    <p>Breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the C-C bonds and C-atoms by the end of stage 3?

    <p>C-C bonds are broken and C-atoms are oxidized to CO₂</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net ATP produced in oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>LO-1 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byproduct of the electron transport system?

    <p>Protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of catabolism where Acetyl-CoA is metabolized to CO₂ and formation of ATP occurs?

    <p>Stage 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is QUCP2 linked to?

    <p>Diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome and heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is QUCP3 mainly found?

    <p>Skeletal muscle, brown adipose tissue and heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of noradrenaline?

    <p>Stimulating lipolysis releasing fatty acids for oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced as a result of ẞ-oxidation of fatty acids?

    <p>NADH and FAD2H</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of noradrenaline on UCP1?

    <p>Activating UCP1 and allowing protons to cross the inner mitochondrial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the higher p.m.f. generated by NADH and FAD2H?

    <p>It is dissipated as heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of UCP1 in brown adipose tissue?

    <p>To dissipate heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of anaerobic conditions on electron transport?

    <p>It is inhibited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of electron transport inhibition?

    <p>ATP synthesis is decreased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for oxidative phosphorylation to occur?

    <p>Membrane-associated complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process for ATP synthesis in cells that require large amounts of energy?

    <p>Oxidative phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy coupling mechanism in oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>Indirect generation of a proton gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of irreversible cell damage?

    <p>Cell function is impaired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of carbon monoxide on electron transport?

    <p>It inhibits electron transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the energy released from the breaking of bonds in glycolysis and the TCA cycle?

    <p>ATP/GTP formation and chemical bond energy of NADH/FADH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of NADH and FAD2H in oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>To transfer high energy electrons to oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the oxidation of NADH and FAD2H?

    <p>Formation of NAD+ and FAD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>Inner mitochondrial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of electron transport in oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>To transfer electrons from NADH and FAD2H to oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ATP synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>To synthesize ATP from ADP + Pi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) for the oxidation of NADH?

    <p>220 kJ/mole</p> Signup and view all the answers

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