35 Questions
What is the role of ATP concentration in regulating electron transport and ATP synthesis?
It regulates both processes by controlling proton pumping
What happens when ATP concentration is high in the mitochondria?
ATP synthase stops due to lack of substrate
What is the effect of uncouplers on the electron transport and ATP synthesis?
They uncouple the two processes, dissipating the proton motive force as heat
What is the significance of proton leak in the mitochondria?
It accounts for 20-25% of the basal metabolic rate
What is the function of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) in the mitochondria?
To uncouple electron transport from ATP production to produce heat
What is the role of UCP1 in the mitochondria?
It is involved in non-shivering thermogenesis
What is the outcome of stage 1 of catabolism?
Breakdown of complex molecules to their component building blocks
What is the result of uncoupling electron transport and ATP synthesis?
Dissipation of proton motive force as heat
What is the purpose of the electron transport system?
To pump protons into the intermembrane space
What is the result of the complete oxidation of glucose?
Breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and water
What happens to the C-C bonds and C-atoms by the end of stage 3?
C-C bonds are broken and C-atoms are oxidized to CO₂
What is the net ATP produced in oxidative phosphorylation?
LO-1 ATP
What is the byproduct of the electron transport system?
Protons
What is the stage of catabolism where Acetyl-CoA is metabolized to CO₂ and formation of ATP occurs?
Stage 3
What is QUCP2 linked to?
Diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome and heart failure
Where is QUCP3 mainly found?
Skeletal muscle, brown adipose tissue and heart
What is the function of noradrenaline?
Stimulating lipolysis releasing fatty acids for oxidation
What is produced as a result of ẞ-oxidation of fatty acids?
NADH and FAD2H
What is the effect of noradrenaline on UCP1?
Activating UCP1 and allowing protons to cross the inner mitochondrial membrane
What happens to the higher p.m.f. generated by NADH and FAD2H?
It is dissipated as heat
What is the purpose of UCP1 in brown adipose tissue?
To dissipate heat
What is the effect of anaerobic conditions on electron transport?
It is inhibited
What is the result of electron transport inhibition?
ATP synthesis is decreased
What is required for oxidative phosphorylation to occur?
Membrane-associated complexes
What is the primary process for ATP synthesis in cells that require large amounts of energy?
Oxidative phosphorylation
What is the energy coupling mechanism in oxidative phosphorylation?
Indirect generation of a proton gradient
What is the consequence of irreversible cell damage?
Cell function is impaired
What is the effect of carbon monoxide on electron transport?
It inhibits electron transport
What is the result of the energy released from the breaking of bonds in glycolysis and the TCA cycle?
ATP/GTP formation and chemical bond energy of NADH/FADH2
What is the function of NADH and FAD2H in oxidative phosphorylation?
To transfer high energy electrons to oxygen
What is the outcome of the oxidation of NADH and FAD2H?
Formation of NAD+ and FAD
What is the site of oxidative phosphorylation?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
What is the role of electron transport in oxidative phosphorylation?
To transfer electrons from NADH and FAD2H to oxygen
What is the purpose of ATP synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation?
To synthesize ATP from ADP + Pi
What is the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) for the oxidation of NADH?
220 kJ/mole
Learn about the coupling of electron transport and ATP synthesis, and how they are regulated by ATP and ADP concentrations. Understand the role of ATP synthase and proton transport in mitochondria.
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