4-L2
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of ATP concentration in regulating electron transport and ATP synthesis?

  • It increases the ADP concentration
  • It stops the ATP synthase when it is low
  • It has no effect on both processes
  • It regulates both processes by controlling proton pumping (correct)

What happens when ATP concentration is high in the mitochondria?

  • ATP synthase stops due to lack of substrate (correct)
  • Proton pumping to the outside increases
  • H+ transport back into the mitochondria increases
  • Electron transport increases

What is the effect of uncouplers on the electron transport and ATP synthesis?

  • They increase the ATP production
  • They decrease the proton pumping
  • They uncouple the two processes, dissipating the proton motive force as heat (correct)
  • They have no effect on the two processes

What is the significance of proton leak in the mitochondria?

<p>It accounts for 20-25% of the basal metabolic rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) in the mitochondria?

<p>To uncouple electron transport from ATP production to produce heat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of UCP1 in the mitochondria?

<p>It is involved in non-shivering thermogenesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of stage 1 of catabolism?

<p>Breakdown of complex molecules to their component building blocks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of uncoupling electron transport and ATP synthesis?

<p>Dissipation of proton motive force as heat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the electron transport system?

<p>To pump protons into the intermembrane space (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the complete oxidation of glucose?

<p>Breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the C-C bonds and C-atoms by the end of stage 3?

<p>C-C bonds are broken and C-atoms are oxidized to COâ‚‚ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net ATP produced in oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>LO-1 ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of the electron transport system?

<p>Protons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of catabolism where Acetyl-CoA is metabolized to COâ‚‚ and formation of ATP occurs?

<p>Stage 3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is QUCP2 linked to?

<p>Diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome and heart failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is QUCP3 mainly found?

<p>Skeletal muscle, brown adipose tissue and heart (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of noradrenaline?

<p>Stimulating lipolysis releasing fatty acids for oxidation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced as a result of ẞ-oxidation of fatty acids?

<p>NADH and FAD2H (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of noradrenaline on UCP1?

<p>Activating UCP1 and allowing protons to cross the inner mitochondrial membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the higher p.m.f. generated by NADH and FAD2H?

<p>It is dissipated as heat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of UCP1 in brown adipose tissue?

<p>To dissipate heat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of anaerobic conditions on electron transport?

<p>It is inhibited (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of electron transport inhibition?

<p>ATP synthesis is decreased (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for oxidative phosphorylation to occur?

<p>Membrane-associated complexes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary process for ATP synthesis in cells that require large amounts of energy?

<p>Oxidative phosphorylation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy coupling mechanism in oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>Indirect generation of a proton gradient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of irreversible cell damage?

<p>Cell function is impaired (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of carbon monoxide on electron transport?

<p>It inhibits electron transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the energy released from the breaking of bonds in glycolysis and the TCA cycle?

<p>ATP/GTP formation and chemical bond energy of NADH/FADH2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of NADH and FAD2H in oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>To transfer high energy electrons to oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the oxidation of NADH and FAD2H?

<p>Formation of NAD+ and FAD (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>Inner mitochondrial membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of electron transport in oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>To transfer electrons from NADH and FAD2H to oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ATP synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>To synthesize ATP from ADP + Pi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) for the oxidation of NADH?

<p>220 kJ/mole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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