Cellular Respiration and Glycolysis

What is the product of the first step of the citric acid cycle?

Citrate (correct)
Oxaloacetate
Isocitrate
α-Ketoglutarate

Which molecule is reduced to form NADH in the citric acid cycle?

NAD+ (correct)
Oxaloacetate
α-Ketoglutarate
Isocitrate

What is the byproduct of the reaction between α-ketoglutarate and NAD+?

ATP and NADH
GTP and NADH
CO2 and NADH (correct)
CO2 and FADH2

What is the energy yield of the citric acid cycle?

3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CoA-SH in the citric acid cycle?

To transfer acetyl groups (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the final product of the citric acid cycle?

Oxaloacetate (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the analogy used to describe the energy exchange in cellular respiration?

Glucose is like a larger-denomination bill (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the net gain of ATP in glycolysis?

4 ATP (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of glycolysis?

Pyruvate (C) Signup and view all the answers

What phase of glycolysis uses ATP?

Energy investment phase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of glycolysis in the cell?

Cytoplasm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of the energy payoff phase of glycolysis?

2 NADH + 2 H+ (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the electron transport chain primarily located in the mitochondrion?

Inner membrane (cristae) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

O2 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the net result of the electron transport chain?

Breakdown of large free-energy drops into smaller steps (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cytochromes in the electron transport chain?

To transfer electrons through the chain (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons are transferred from NADH to the electron transport chain?

2 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy-rich molecule generated directly by the electron transport chain?

None of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of oxygen in most cellular respiration?

To act as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between anaerobic respiration and fermentation?

Anaerobic respiration uses an electron transport chain, while fermentation does not (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of pyruvate oxidation?

To link glycolysis to the citric acid cycle (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of the first step of alcohol fermentation?

CO2 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of regenerating NAD+ in fermentation?

To allow glycolysis to continue (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?

Reduction of FAD+ to FADH2 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common link between anaerobic respiration and fermentation?

Both generate ATP without the use of oxygen (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of the citric acid cycle that is released into the atmosphere?

CO2 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration?

To pull electrons down the transport chain using oxygen as the final electron acceptor (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for converting 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate?

Phosphoglyceromutase (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the net result of the energy payoff phase of glycolysis?

The generation of 2 ATP and 2 NADH (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the multienzyme complex in pyruvate oxidation?

To catalyze three reactions: oxidation of pyruvate, reduction of NAD+, and combination of the remaining two-carbon fragment and coenzyme A (A) Signup and view all the answers