Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of cellular respiration?

To facilitate the absorption of nutrients

To release potential energy from organic compounds (correct)

To produce glucose for plant photosynthesis

To synthesize lipids for cellular membranes

During which process is glucose oxidized to produce reducing power in NADH and FADH?

Fermentation

Krebs cycle (correct)

Glycolysis (correct)

Photolysis

Where does chemiosmosis occur in the mitochondrion?

In the intermembrane space

In the outer membrane

In the mitochondrial matrix

Across the inner membrane (correct)

What distinguishes aerobic respiration from anaerobic respiration?

Anaerobic respiration produces much less ATP (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms typically performs fermentation?

Some bacteria (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the cristae in mitochondria?

They provide surface area for ATP synthesis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding anaerobic cellular respiration?

It can occur in some bacteria and archaea (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the mitochondrial matrix?

It contains enzymes for the Krebs cycle (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?

Cytoplasm (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of NADH and FADH2 produced during cellular respiration?

To donate electrons in the electron transport chain (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the Krebs cycle?

It is an aerobic process that occurs in the mitochondria. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chemiosmosis in cellular respiration?

To generate ATP using a proton gradient (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fermentation occurs in animal cells when oxygen is scarce?

Lactate fermentation (B) Signup and view all the answers

During the electron transport chain, energy is released at each step. What is this energy primarily used for?

To pump protons into the intermembrane space (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary product of alcoholic fermentation in yeast?

Ethanol (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the net equation for aerobic cellular respiration produce?

6 CO2, 6 H2O, and 36 ATP (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of aerobic respiration?

Occurs in the cytoplasm (D) Signup and view all the answers

How is NAD+ regenerated during fermentation?

By converting pyruvate into ethanol or lactate (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Cellular Respiration: Releases energy from organic compounds (like glucose)
Mitochondria: Site of cellular respiration
- Mitochondrial Matrix: Fluid-filled space inside the inner membrane
- Inner Membrane: Highly folded membrane
- Cristae: Folds of the inner membrane, increasing surface area for reactions
- Intermembrane Space: Space between inner and outer membranes

Pathways for Releasing Energy

Aerobic Cellular Respiration: Requires oxygen. Occurs in organisms that can use oxygen (plants, animals, most fungi, some bacteria and protists). The electron transport system uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor.
Anaerobic Cellular Respiration: Doesn't require oxygen. Uses a different final electron acceptor. Occurs in organisms that cannot use oxygen (some bacteria and archaea).
Fermentation: Anaerobic process that's less efficient than aerobic respiration. Produces ATP without oxygen. Occurs in the cytoplasm of various organisms.

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Occurs in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.
Involves a series of oxidation-reduction reactions, transferring electrons.
- Glycolysis: Breaks down glucose in the cytoplasm into pyruvate.
- Pyruvate Oxidation/Krebs Cycle Preparation (transition reaction): Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. Pyruvate is converted into Acetyl CoA
- Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle: Completes the oxidation of glucose. Also in the mitochondrial matrix.
- Electron Transport System (ETS): In the inner mitochondrial membrane.
  - NADH and FADH2 release electrons.
  - Electrons are passed down a chain of protein complexes.
  - Energy released pumps protons (H+) into the intermembrane space.
  - Protons flow through ATP synthase.
  - ATP is generated.

Theoretical ATP Yield

From one molecule of glucose: 36 ATP

Fermentation

Anaerobic process Less efficient than aerobic respiration.
Lactate Fermentation: Occurs in animal cells. Pyruvate is converted to lactate to regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis.
- Oxygen Debt: Build-up of lactic acid, requiring extra O2 to be removed later
Ethanol Fermentation: Occurs in some plant cells and yeast. Pyruvate is converted to ethanol, regenerating NAD+ for glycolysis.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the processes of cellular respiration and fermentation through this quiz. Learn about aerobic and anaerobic pathways, the role of mitochondria, and how energy is released from organic compounds. Test your knowledge on the differences and significance of these metabolic processes.