Questions and Answers
What is a solution?
What is the function of a solvent in a solution?
Dissolving medium
Match the following types of transport processes:
Passive transport = No energy required Active transport = Requires metabolic energy Diffusion = Movement from high concentration to low concentration Osmosis = Simple diffusion of water
Which of the following is NOT a type of passive transport?
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Membranes are selectively permeable.
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What is filtration in the context of passive transport?
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Active transport requires ________ energy.
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What does exocytosis do?
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Which process involves substances being engulfed by being enclosed in a membranous vesicle?
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What is the sodium-potassium pump an example of?
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Phagocytosis is commonly referred to as ________ eating.
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Pinocytosis is known as ________ drinking.
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Study Notes
Solutions and Components
- A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more components, consisting of a solvent and solutes.
- The solvent is the dissolving medium, while solutes are the components present in smaller quantities.
- Intracellular fluid includes nucleoplasm and cytosol, whereas interstitial fluid refers to fluid surrounding cells.
Membrane Transport Overview
- Cellular membranes are selectively permeable, regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
- Transport methods are categorized as passive, requiring no energy, or active, which requires metabolic energy from the cell.
Selective Permeability
- The plasma membrane selectively allows certain materials to pass while excluding others, controlling cellular movement.
Passive Transport Processes
- Diffusion is the tendency of particles to evenly distribute, moving from high to low concentration (down a concentration gradient) due to kinetic energy.
- Simple diffusion allows lipid-soluble materials or small particles to pass without assistance.
- Osmosis refers to the passive diffusion of highly polar water across the plasma membrane.
- Facilitated diffusion requires a protein carrier for substances to move down the concentration gradient without energy.
- Filtration involves forcing water and solutes through a membrane using hydrostatic pressure, driven by a pressure gradient, allowing different sizes to be filtered.
Active Transport Processes
- Active transport facilitates movement of substances that cannot diffuse due to size, lipid solubility, or concentration gradients.
- Solute pumping transports amino acids, sugars, and ions via protein carriers energized by ATP, often against concentration gradients (e.g., sodium-potassium pump).
- Bulk transport includes exocytosis, which moves materials out of the cell via membranous vesicles that merge with the plasma membrane to release contents.
- Endocytosis involves the engulfing of extracellular substances in a membranous vesicle, with types including phagocytosis (cell eating) and pinocytosis (cell drinking).
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Description
This quiz explores the concepts of solutions and transport mechanisms in cellular physiology. It dives into what constitutes a solution, the roles of solvents and solutes, and the distinctions between various types of cellular fluids. Test your understanding of these fundamental biological concepts.
