Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the formula for calculating the number of cells in a cluster?
What is the formula for calculating the number of cells in a cluster?
- $N_c = 3R^2$
- $N_c = (i + j + ij)$ (correct)
- $N_c = 2(i + j)$
- $N_c = (i^2 + j^2 + ij)$
In the main cluster parameters, what does the parameter 'j' represent?
In the main cluster parameters, what does the parameter 'j' represent?
- A variable influencing the total cell count (correct)
- Number of additional cells added in the cluster
- A measure of signal strength
- The distance between clusters
Which of the following values corresponds to the maximum $S/I$ ratio from the provided parameters?
Which of the following values corresponds to the maximum $S/I$ ratio from the provided parameters?
- 20.7
- 16.8
- 18.7
- 21 (correct)
What does $D_k/R$ represent in the provided parameters?
What does $D_k/R$ represent in the provided parameters?
How is the signal-to-noise ratio expressed mathematically?
How is the signal-to-noise ratio expressed mathematically?
What method can be used to calculate the distance between two points D in a hexagonal cell?
What method can be used to calculate the distance between two points D in a hexagonal cell?
How can the distance Dk from the center of the origin cell to any hexagon be expressed?
How can the distance Dk from the center of the origin cell to any hexagon be expressed?
What is the definition of a cluster in the context of cellular networks?
What is the definition of a cluster in the context of cellular networks?
What geometric shape is primarily utilized in the structure of cellular networks?
What geometric shape is primarily utilized in the structure of cellular networks?
Which equation correctly represents the transformation for coordinates in a hexagonal cell?
Which equation correctly represents the transformation for coordinates in a hexagonal cell?
How is the angle 'p' in the coordinate transformation defined in relation to the hexagonal layout?
How is the angle 'p' in the coordinate transformation defined in relation to the hexagonal layout?
What does the notation R represent in the context of hexagonal cells?
What does the notation R represent in the context of hexagonal cells?
What is the significance of the term '3R' in the context of cells?
What is the significance of the term '3R' in the context of cells?
Flashcards
Hexagonal Cell in Cellular Networks
Hexagonal Cell in Cellular Networks
A cellular network uses a hexagonal grid to divide areas into cells. Each hexagon represents a cell, and the cells are arranged in a honeycomb pattern. This structure ensures good signal coverage and efficient use of spectrum.
Coordinate Transformation in Hexagonal Cells
Coordinate Transformation in Hexagonal Cells
A hexagon cell in a cellular network can be defined using a coordinate system where the y-axis represents the distance from the origin and the x-axis represents the direction. This system allows you to calculate the distance between cells.
Distance Formula for Two Cells
Distance Formula for Two Cells
The formula to calculate the distance (D) between two cells in a hexagonal network. It considers the coordinates of the two cells and uses the geometric properties of the hexagonal shape.
Cluster in Cellular Network
Cluster in Cellular Network
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Cell Cluster
Cell Cluster
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Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)
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Signal Power (Ps)
Signal Power (Ps)
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Noise Power (Pn)
Noise Power (Pn)
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Interference Power (Pi)
Interference Power (Pi)
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Study Notes
Cellular Networks
- Cellular networks utilize hexagonal cells for efficient signal coverage.
- The distance between two cell centers can be calculated.
- The formula for squared distance involves trigonometric functions, coordinates of the cell centers, and cell radius.
- Cellular network clusters define the largest group of neighboring cells without overlapping portions.
- Cluster area and cell area are related.
- The formula for cluster area depends on distance and hexagonal shape.
- The formula for the number of cells in a cluster relates to integer coordinates.
- Main cluster parameters include calculated values of i, j, cluster size, distance relative to radius, and signal-to-interference ratio.
- Co-channel interference occurs when different cells use the same frequency band.
- The signal-to-noise ratio is determined by signal, noise, and interference powers.
- For hexagonal cells, interference is maximum at the boundaries of neighboring cells.
- Interference reduction strategies include increasing the number of cells in a cluster, cell sectorization, and transmitter power control.
- Adjacent-channel interference affects cells using similar frequencies.
- Small cell designs (macro, micro, pico, femto) use different technologies for better coverage in densely populated areas.
- Interference alignment is a technique that strategically aligns interference signals in wireless networks.
- This process is used to improve transmission and minimize overlap of signals in specific cases.
- It's done by splitting signal resources across frequency, time, and code.
- Network traffic theory utilizes assumptions addressing statistical behavior of network users.
- Circuit switching and blocking systems are key concepts.
- Load intensity and blocking probability definitions, formulas, and examples are included.
- Network traffic uses Erlang formulas to measure the relationship of channels and load intensity to determine probability of blocking.
- Calculations show examples that relate the given probability to numbers of channels to support a defined load.
- Real load intensity can be derived from the rate of serviced requests.
- Channel usage intensity helps determine usage of channels in a network.
- Real examples of calculations help in practice applications.
Exercises
- Exercise 1: Two mobile operators, utilizing varying numbers of cells and channels, need to calculate the number of subscribers each can support, given specific conditions (blocking probability, call rate, and conversation length).
- Exercise 2: Calculations of channel usage intensity for various cell configurations (isotropic, three-sectored, and six-sectored) are required.
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