Cellular Networks and Wireless Communication Systems Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the objective of assigning different frequencies to adjacent cells in a cellular network?

To increase interference or crosstalk

To avoid interference or crosstalk (correct)

To reduce the number of cells

To decrease capacity

What is the main advantage of second-generation (2G) cellular systems over first-generation (1G) systems?

Error detection and correction

Encryption

All of the above (correct)

Dynamic channel access

Which of the following is NOT a feature of LTE and LTE-Advanced networks?

Support for multimedia applications

Guaranteed bit rate (GBR) for all bearers (correct)

Ultra-mobile broadband access

Peak data rates up to 1 Gbps

What is the difference between a wireless LAN and a wireless WAN?

Coverage area Signup and view all the answers

What is the most widely used CDMA cellular standard in North America?

IS-95 Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall architecture for LTE networks?

EPS Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of CDMA technology in cellular systems?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of handoff in cellular networks?

To transfer a call from one cell to another Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of frequency reuse in cellular networks?

To avoid interference or crosstalk Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of cellular networks over WLANs?

Coverage in areas not easily served by WLANs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of frequency reuse in cellular networks?

To reduce interference Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method to cope with increasing capacity in cellular networks?

Cell merging Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between 1G and 2G wireless systems?

1G systems were analog and 2G systems were digital Signup and view all the answers

Which standard is the most widely used CDMA cellular standard, mainly in North America?

IS-95 Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall architecture for LTE?

EPS Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between logical channels and physical channels in LTE?

Logical channels are used for signaling and physical channels are used for data transmission Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of LTE-Advanced?

To offer ultra-mobile broadband access Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Rich Communication Services (RCS)?

To specify services beyond voice, such as video calls and instant messaging Signup and view all the answers

What are the four categories into which wireless networks are classified based on coverage area?

WWANS, WMANS, WLANS, and WPANS Signup and view all the answers

What is the objective of cellular networks?

to support locations not easily served by wireless networks or WLANs Signup and view all the answers

What are the three components of a base station in a cellular network?

transmitter, receiver, and control unit Signup and view all the answers

What is the most widely used CDMA cellular standard, mainly in North America?

IS-95 Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between call blocking probability and call dropping probability in a cellular network?

Call blocking probability is the probability of a new call being blocked due to heavy load on the BS traffic capacity, while call dropping probability is the probability that a call is terminated due to a handoff. Signup and view all the answers

What is the architecture for LTE networks?

the evolved packet system (EPS), with the LTE RAN called E-UTRA and the core network called EPC Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of channels used in LTE?

logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of LTE-Advanced?

it offers ultra-mobile broadband access, peak data rates up to 1 Gbps, and support for multimedia applications Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of handoff in cellular networks?

to transfer a call from one cell to another as a mobile station moves through the coverage area Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Principles of Cellular Networks and 2G Network Standards

Wireless networks are classified based on coverage area into different categories including WWANS, WMANS, WLANS, and WPANS.
Cellular networks are a revolutionary development in telecommunications and support locations not easily served by wireless networks or WLANs.
Cellular networks use multiple low-power transmitters, and areas are divided into cells each served by its own antenna and base station consisting of transmitter, receiver, and control unit.
Adjacent cells are assigned different frequencies to avoid interference or crosstalk, and the objective is to reuse frequency in nearby cells.
Approaches to cope with increasing capacity include adding new channels, frequency borrowing, cell splitting, cell sectoring, network densification, and interference coordination.
The Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) was the first 1G analog wireless network that included two 25-MHz bands allocated to AMPS, one for transmission from base to mobile unit and one for transmission from mobile unit to base.
Second-generation systems are digital and provide encryption, error detection and correction, and dynamic channel access.
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) uses the FDMA/TDMA approach and is developed to provide a common second-generation technology for Europe.
GSM subscriber units are generic until SIM is inserted, and SIMs roam, not necessarily the subscriber devices.
The IS-95 standard is the most widely used CDMA cellular standard, used mainly in North America, and consists of forward link channels and reverse link channels.
The forward link channels support pilot, synchronization, paging, and traffic channels, while the reverse link consists of up to 94 logical CDMA channels.
Mobile radio propagation effects include signal strength and fading, and handoff performance metrics include handoff blocking probability, handoff probability, rate of handoff, interruption duration, and handoff delay.Overview of Cellular Wireless Systems: 1G to LTE-Advanced
Cellular wireless systems have evolved from 1G to 2G, 3G, and now LTE-Advanced
1G systems were analog, while 2G systems such as GSM introduced digital voice and SMS
GPRS and EDGE were introduced as part of 2.5G, providing a datagram switching capability and higher data rates
3G systems such as CDMA2000 and WCDMA provided higher data rates, support for packet-switched and circuit-switched data services, and more efficient use of spectrum
LTE and LTE-Advanced, known as 4G, offer ultra-mobile broadband access, peak data rates up to 1 Gbps, and support for multimedia applications
LTE uses bearers for quality of service (QoS) control instead of circuits, with guaranteed bit rate (GBR) and non-GBR bearers
Each bearer is given a QoS class identifier (QCI) and associated with standard forwarding treatments
The evolved packet system (EPS) is the overall architecture for LTE, with the LTE RAN called E-UTRA and the core network called EPC
EPC components include the mobility management entity (MME), serving gateway (SGW), packet data network gateway (PGW), and home subscriber server (HSS)
Non-Access Stratum Protocols such as EPS Mobility Management (EMM) and EPS Session Management (ESM) manage mobility and connections between UE, SGW, and PGW
LTE resource management includes service data flows (SDFs) to differentiate traffic types and EPS bearers to map to specific QoS parameters
EPC functions include mobility management, inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC), and network access control and routing.Overview of LTE and LTE-Advanced Networks
LTE is used for wireless communication over long distances such as cities or countries.
Mobile phones use full-duplex communication.
IEEE 802.11 standard is classified as a wireless LAN, while 4G cellular network is classified as a wireless WAN.
WiMAX standard is classified as a wireless MAN.
In cellular networks, cells are divided into a number of wedge-shaped sectors.
LTE uses MIMO and OFDM, while LTE-Advanced includes carrier aggregation, MIMO enhancements, relay nodes, heterogeneous networks, and coordinated multipoint transmission and reception.
LTE uses a hierarchical channel structure between the layers of the protocol stack, with user plane protocols such as PDCP, RLC, and MAC.
LTE radio interface is divided into control plane and user plane.
LTE uses three types of channels: logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels.
LTE-Advanced aims to cater for services with diverse requirements and includes key enabling technologies such as SDN and NFV.
5G network will have several deployment scenarios and will include software-defined network (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV).
The GSM Association specifies services beyond voice, such as video calls, instant messaging, chat, and file transfer in what is known as the Rich Communication Services (RCS).Wireless Communication Networks Review Questions
The methods to improve coverage and capacity in cellular systems include cell sectoring, cell splitting, and frequency borrowing.
Cell splitting involves splitting cells in areas of high usage into smaller cells.
Paging is the step when the MTSO sends a message to certain BSs to find the called mobile unit.
Call blocking probability is the probability of a new call being blocked due to heavy load on the BS traffic capacity, while call dropping probability is the probability that a call is terminated due to a handoff.
Handoff blocking probability is the probability that a handoff cannot be successfully completed.
GPRS enhanced GSM by providing a datagram switching capability and allowing users to open a persistent data connection.
The classes of wireless networks include cellular, ad-hoc, and satellite networks.
Cellular network organization involves dividing the coverage area into smaller cells, and a hexagonal pattern is chosen for cellular networks due to its uniformity and minimal overlap.
Frequency reuse involves reusing frequencies in different cells to increase capacity and reduce interference.
The principal elements of a cellular system include mobile stations, base stations, and a mobile switching center.
Handoff is the process of transferring a call from one cell to another, and handoff performance metrics include handoff failure rate, handoff delay, and call dropping probability during handoff.
CDMA offers advantages for cellular systems such as increased capacity, improved voice quality, and better security. The most prevalent standards of 3G mobile networks include CDMA2000 and WCDMA.

Principles of Cellular Networks and 2G Network Standards

Wireless networks are classified based on coverage area into different categories including WWANS, WMANS, WLANS, and WPANS.
Cellular networks are a revolutionary development in telecommunications and support locations not easily served by wireless networks or WLANs.
Cellular networks use multiple low-power transmitters, and areas are divided into cells each served by its own antenna and base station consisting of transmitter, receiver, and control unit.
Adjacent cells are assigned different frequencies to avoid interference or crosstalk, and the objective is to reuse frequency in nearby cells.
Approaches to cope with increasing capacity include adding new channels, frequency borrowing, cell splitting, cell sectoring, network densification, and interference coordination.
The Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) was the first 1G analog wireless network that included two 25-MHz bands allocated to AMPS, one for transmission from base to mobile unit and one for transmission from mobile unit to base.
Second-generation systems are digital and provide encryption, error detection and correction, and dynamic channel access.
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) uses the FDMA/TDMA approach and is developed to provide a common second-generation technology for Europe.
GSM subscriber units are generic until SIM is inserted, and SIMs roam, not necessarily the subscriber devices.
The IS-95 standard is the most widely used CDMA cellular standard, used mainly in North America, and consists of forward link channels and reverse link channels.
The forward link channels support pilot, synchronization, paging, and traffic channels, while the reverse link consists of up to 94 logical CDMA channels.
Mobile radio propagation effects include signal strength and fading, and handoff performance metrics include handoff blocking probability, handoff probability, rate of handoff, interruption duration, and handoff delay.Overview of Cellular Wireless Systems: 1G to LTE-Advanced
Cellular wireless systems have evolved from 1G to 2G, 3G, and now LTE-Advanced
1G systems were analog, while 2G systems such as GSM introduced digital voice and SMS
GPRS and EDGE were introduced as part of 2.5G, providing a datagram switching capability and higher data rates
3G systems such as CDMA2000 and WCDMA provided higher data rates, support for packet-switched and circuit-switched data services, and more efficient use of spectrum
LTE and LTE-Advanced, known as 4G, offer ultra-mobile broadband access, peak data rates up to 1 Gbps, and support for multimedia applications
LTE uses bearers for quality of service (QoS) control instead of circuits, with guaranteed bit rate (GBR) and non-GBR bearers
Each bearer is given a QoS class identifier (QCI) and associated with standard forwarding treatments
The evolved packet system (EPS) is the overall architecture for LTE, with the LTE RAN called E-UTRA and the core network called EPC
EPC components include the mobility management entity (MME), serving gateway (SGW), packet data network gateway (PGW), and home subscriber server (HSS)
Non-Access Stratum Protocols such as EPS Mobility Management (EMM) and EPS Session Management (ESM) manage mobility and connections between UE, SGW, and PGW
LTE resource management includes service data flows (SDFs) to differentiate traffic types and EPS bearers to map to specific QoS parameters
EPC functions include mobility management, inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC), and network access control and routing.Overview of LTE and LTE-Advanced Networks
LTE is used for wireless communication over long distances such as cities or countries.
Mobile phones use full-duplex communication.
IEEE 802.11 standard is classified as a wireless LAN, while 4G cellular network is classified as a wireless WAN.
WiMAX standard is classified as a wireless MAN.
In cellular networks, cells are divided into a number of wedge-shaped sectors.
LTE uses MIMO and OFDM, while LTE-Advanced includes carrier aggregation, MIMO enhancements, relay nodes, heterogeneous networks, and coordinated multipoint transmission and reception.
LTE uses a hierarchical channel structure between the layers of the protocol stack, with user plane protocols such as PDCP, RLC, and MAC.
LTE radio interface is divided into control plane and user plane.
LTE uses three types of channels: logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels.
LTE-Advanced aims to cater for services with diverse requirements and includes key enabling technologies such as SDN and NFV.
5G network will have several deployment scenarios and will include software-defined network (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV).
The GSM Association specifies services beyond voice, such as video calls, instant messaging, chat, and file transfer in what is known as the Rich Communication Services (RCS).Wireless Communication Networks Review Questions
The methods to improve coverage and capacity in cellular systems include cell sectoring, cell splitting, and frequency borrowing.
Cell splitting involves splitting cells in areas of high usage into smaller cells.
Paging is the step when the MTSO sends a message to certain BSs to find the called mobile unit.
Call blocking probability is the probability of a new call being blocked due to heavy load on the BS traffic capacity, while call dropping probability is the probability that a call is terminated due to a handoff.
Handoff blocking probability is the probability that a handoff cannot be successfully completed.
GPRS enhanced GSM by providing a datagram switching capability and allowing users to open a persistent data connection.
The classes of wireless networks include cellular, ad-hoc, and satellite networks.
Cellular network organization involves dividing the coverage area into smaller cells, and a hexagonal pattern is chosen for cellular networks due to its uniformity and minimal overlap.
Frequency reuse involves reusing frequencies in different cells to increase capacity and reduce interference.
The principal elements of a cellular system include mobile stations, base stations, and a mobile switching center.
Handoff is the process of transferring a call from one cell to another, and handoff performance metrics include handoff failure rate, handoff delay, and call dropping probability during handoff.
CDMA offers advantages for cellular systems such as increased capacity, improved voice quality, and better security. The most prevalent standards of 3G mobile networks include CDMA2000 and WCDMA.

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Description

Test your knowledge of cellular networks and wireless communication systems with our informative quiz. From the principles of cellular networks and 2G network standards to the latest LTE and LTE-Advanced networks, this quiz covers it all. Discover the different categories of wireless networks, learn about cellular network organization, and explore the methods used to improve coverage and capacity. Challenge yourself with questions on handoff performance metrics, CDMA advantages, and much more. Whether you are a student, a professional in the field, or just