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Questions and Answers
Each base station is directly connected to the public Internet.
Each base station is directly connected to the public Internet.
False
A user should observe disruptions to calls or data when moving between cells.
A user should observe disruptions to calls or data when moving between cells.
False
A handoff between base stations involves a user manually changing their smartphone frequencies.
A handoff between base stations involves a user manually changing their smartphone frequencies.
False
Handoffs only occur at the beginning of a call.
Handoffs only occur at the beginning of a call.
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In Figure 14.32, it is possible that a person walking from house A to house B has had less than four handoffs.
In Figure 14.32, it is possible that a person walking from house A to house B has had less than four handoffs.
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Cellular networks use high power and have a longer range than traditional radio systems.
Cellular networks use high power and have a longer range than traditional radio systems.
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Each cell in a cellular network contains a base station with an antenna, a receiver, a transmitter, and a control unit.
Each cell in a cellular network contains a base station with an antenna, a receiver, a transmitter, and a control unit.
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The cells of a cellular network are arranged so that they are not equidistant from each other.
The cells of a cellular network are arranged so that they are not equidistant from each other.
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The cells in a cellular network usually appear to be square in shape.
The cells in a cellular network usually appear to be square in shape.
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Each base station is typically assigned between $100$ and $200$ different frequencies.
Each base station is typically assigned between $100$ and $200$ different frequencies.
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The frequencies assigned to a cell are identical to the frequencies used by the cells next to it.
The frequencies assigned to a cell are identical to the frequencies used by the cells next to it.
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The transmission power of a base station is limited to minimize signal interference with other cells.
The transmission power of a base station is limited to minimize signal interference with other cells.
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Cellular network providers do not adapt their networks when the number of users in an area greatly increases.
Cellular network providers do not adapt their networks when the number of users in an area greatly increases.
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Study Notes
Cellular Network Structure
- Cellular networks use low power and short range compared to traditional radio systems.
- Each cell has a base station (with an antenna, receiver, transmitter, and control unit).
- Cells are typically arranged equidistantly, appearing hexagonal.
- Base stations use a set of frequencies for connections, typically 10-50 different frequencies per cell.
- Frequencies for adjacent cells are distinct to minimize signal interference.
- Transmission power is limited to prevent signal interference with neighbouring cells.
- Frequency reuse is possible due to sufficient distance between base stations, minimizing interference.
- Cellular networks adapt their structures, using larger cells in less populated areas and smaller cells (few square meters) in densely populated areas.
- Providers add base stations to accommodate user growth, which impacts cost.
- Frequent handoffs between base stations enable seamless connections for users moving around.
- A handoff occurs as a user moves from one cell to another.
- User smartphones automatically change frequencies to the strongest signal in range.
- Handoffs ensure calls and data are uninterrupted during user movement between cells.
- Signal strength depends on various factors.
- Handoffs could happen multiple times depending on signal strength within a user's path of movement.
- Handoffs occur even within a single cell area.
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Description
This quiz explores the essential components and architecture of cellular networks. It covers key concepts such as the arrangement of cells, base station functions, frequency management, and the adaptability of network structures to user density. Test your knowledge on how cellular networks maintain connectivity and minimize interference.
