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Questions and Answers
Which type of molecules can easily diffuse across a lipid bilayer?
Which type of molecules can easily diffuse across a lipid bilayer?
- Large polar molecules
- Polar molecules
- Ions
- Nonpolar molecules (correct)
What type of proteins are present in biological membranes to facilitate the transport of substances into and out of the cell?
What type of proteins are present in biological membranes to facilitate the transport of substances into and out of the cell?
- Transport proteins (correct)
- Enzymes
- Cytoskeletal proteins
- Structural proteins
What characterizes a transport protein in biological membranes?
What characterizes a transport protein in biological membranes?
- It binds solutes on both sides of the membrane simultaneously
- It undergoes a change in conformation to move solutes across the membrane (correct)
- It is non-specific for molecules or ions
- It can only serve as a channel through the membrane
What is a role of membranes in a cell?
What is a role of membranes in a cell?
Which organelles are specifically mentioned as having membranes in Eukaryotic cells?
Which organelles are specifically mentioned as having membranes in Eukaryotic cells?
What characterizes the presence of organelles in Eukaryotic cells?
What characterizes the presence of organelles in Eukaryotic cells?
Which type of proteins allow cells to recognize, transmit, and respond to specific signals in nearly all cell types?
Which type of proteins allow cells to recognize, transmit, and respond to specific signals in nearly all cell types?
What is the function of gap junctions in animal cells?
What is the function of gap junctions in animal cells?
What is the main function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?
What is the main function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?
Who first proposed the fluid mosaic model of the membrane?
Who first proposed the fluid mosaic model of the membrane?
What is a key characteristic of the membrane according to the Singer-Nicolson model?
What is a key characteristic of the membrane according to the Singer-Nicolson model?
In the Singer-Nicolson model, what is a significant feature of the lipid components of a membrane?
In the Singer-Nicolson model, what is a significant feature of the lipid components of a membrane?
Who proposed the concept of the lipid bilayer in 1925?
Who proposed the concept of the lipid bilayer in 1925?
What are the main classes of membrane lipids?
What are the main classes of membrane lipids?
What components make up a phospholipid molecule?
What components make up a phospholipid molecule?
Which lipid is the most abundant in cell membranes?
Which lipid is the most abundant in cell membranes?
What gives phospholipids their amphipathic character critical for membrane structure?
What gives phospholipids their amphipathic character critical for membrane structure?
Which molecule forms a hydrophobic barrier in phospholipids?
Which molecule forms a hydrophobic barrier in phospholipids?
What is the common head group found in phosphoglycerides like phosphatidylcholine?
What is the common head group found in phosphoglycerides like phosphatidylcholine?
What is the main sterol found in animal cell membranes?
What is the main sterol found in animal cell membranes?
What type of fatty acids have higher transition temperatures and are considered less fluid in membranes?
What type of fatty acids have higher transition temperatures and are considered less fluid in membranes?
How do membrane lipids with saturated fatty acids differ from those with unsaturated fatty acids in terms of packing?
How do membrane lipids with saturated fatty acids differ from those with unsaturated fatty acids in terms of packing?
What effect do sterols like cholesterol have on the permeability of a lipid bilayer to ions and small polar molecules?
What effect do sterols like cholesterol have on the permeability of a lipid bilayer to ions and small polar molecules?
What is the primary mechanism by which organisms regulate membrane fluidity?
What is the primary mechanism by which organisms regulate membrane fluidity?
What do amphibians and reptiles do to adapt to lower temperatures in terms of their membrane lipid composition?
What do amphibians and reptiles do to adapt to lower temperatures in terms of their membrane lipid composition?
What technique involves freezing a membrane quickly and then subjecting it to a sharp blow from a diamond knife?
What technique involves freezing a membrane quickly and then subjecting it to a sharp blow from a diamond knife?
Where are integral membrane proteins located within the lipid bilayer?
Where are integral membrane proteins located within the lipid bilayer?
What characterizes lipid-anchored proteins in membranes?
What characterizes lipid-anchored proteins in membranes?
What is the main characteristic of transmembrane proteins?
What is the main characteristic of transmembrane proteins?
What is the function of GPI-anchored membrane proteins?
What is the function of GPI-anchored membrane proteins?
What is a common feature of glycoproteins in membranes?
What is a common feature of glycoproteins in membranes?
Where does glycosylation, the addition of a carbohydrate side chain to a molecule, occur for proteins?
Where does glycosylation, the addition of a carbohydrate side chain to a molecule, occur for proteins?
In terms of diffusion, how do membrane proteins typically compare to lipids?
In terms of diffusion, how do membrane proteins typically compare to lipids?
Why are some membrane proteins constrained in their movement within the lipid bilayer?
Why are some membrane proteins constrained in their movement within the lipid bilayer?
What role do glycoproteins, which have undergone glycosylation, play in plasma membranes?
What role do glycoproteins, which have undergone glycosylation, play in plasma membranes?
What structures do animal cells use for joining cells in long-term associations to form tissues and organs?
What structures do animal cells use for joining cells in long-term associations to form tissues and organs?
Which type of junctions in plants carry out functions similar to cell-cell junctions in animal cells?
Which type of junctions in plants carry out functions similar to cell-cell junctions in animal cells?
What is the main function of adhesive junctions in multicellular organisms?
What is the main function of adhesive junctions in multicellular organisms?
What type of interactions occur when cells interact with identical molecules on the surface of the cell to which they adhere?
What type of interactions occur when cells interact with identical molecules on the surface of the cell to which they adhere?
What type of proteins are predominantly involved in forming adherens junctions between cells?
What type of proteins are predominantly involved in forming adherens junctions between cells?
Which feature is common between desmosomes and adherens junctions in terms of the type of proteins they rely on for adhesion?
Which feature is common between desmosomes and adherens junctions in terms of the type of proteins they rely on for adhesion?
What is the key function of tight junctions in epithelial tissue?
What is the key function of tight junctions in epithelial tissue?
What is the main role of lectins in cell adhesion?
What is the main role of lectins in cell adhesion?
How do gap junctions facilitate communication between adjacent cells?
How do gap junctions facilitate communication between adjacent cells?
What is the primary constituent of stretchable elastic fibres providing elasticity?
What is the primary constituent of stretchable elastic fibres providing elasticity?
Which family of proteins primarily binds proteoglycans and collagen molecules to receptors on the plasma membrane surface?
Which family of proteins primarily binds proteoglycans and collagen molecules to receptors on the plasma membrane surface?
What is the main function of laminins in the basal lamina beneath epithelial cells?
What is the main function of laminins in the basal lamina beneath epithelial cells?
Which component is the most abundant in the extracellular matrix of animal cells?
Which component is the most abundant in the extracellular matrix of animal cells?
What is a defining characteristic shared by all collagens in animal tissues?
What is a defining characteristic shared by all collagens in animal tissues?
Where are fibronectins primarily located in relation to the lamina?
Where are fibronectins primarily located in relation to the lamina?
How do integrins link the cytoskeleton with the extracellular matrix?
How do integrins link the cytoskeleton with the extracellular matrix?
Where do epithelial cells attach to laminin in the basal lamina?
Where do epithelial cells attach to laminin in the basal lamina?
What family of transmembrane proteins do integrins belong to?
What family of transmembrane proteins do integrins belong to?
Which plant cell wall component is most abundant in tissues providing mechanical support?
Which plant cell wall component is most abundant in tissues providing mechanical support?
What is the primary constituent of the secondary cell wall that makes it significantly stronger and more rigid than the primary wall?
What is the primary constituent of the secondary cell wall that makes it significantly stronger and more rigid than the primary wall?
Which structure is synthesized first in the plant cell wall and holds adjacent cells together?
Which structure is synthesized first in the plant cell wall and holds adjacent cells together?
In some plant cells, which type of wall creates a relatively thin and flexible structure?
In some plant cells, which type of wall creates a relatively thin and flexible structure?
What do plasmodesmata provide in plant cells through their channels between adjacent cells?
What do plasmodesmata provide in plant cells through their channels between adjacent cells?
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