Cellular Ion Transport Quiz
71 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the initial cell formed from the fusion of the ovum and spermatozoon called?

  • Zygote (correct)
  • Embryo
  • Placenta
  • Fetus

    • What is the watery fluid containing organelles within a cell called?

  • Cytoplasm
  • Cytokinesis
  • Cytosol (correct)
  • Cytogenesis

    • What is the main function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

  • Store genetic information
  • Regulate passage of substances into and out of the cell (correct)
  • Produce energy for the cell
  • Synthesize proteins

    • What are the two layers that make up the structure of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of membrane proteins in the cell membrane?

    <p>Act as receptors and enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do water-soluble ions cross the cell membrane?

    <p>Through channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport involves substances moving down their concentration gradient?

    <p>Passive transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when waste materials are extruded through the plasma membrane?

    <p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism maintains unequal ion concentrations on either side of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Sodium-potassium pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport involves moving substances up their concentration gradient using energy from ATP?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of substances can cross the membrane through channels?

    <p>Water-soluble ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the selective permeability of the cell membrane responsible for?

    <p>Regulating the internal environment by controlling entry or exit of substances based on particle size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does osmosis involve?

    <p>Passive movement of water across a semipermeable membrane towards equilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport occurs when substances move down their concentration gradient?

    <p>Passive transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does facilitated diffusion use to move substances across the membrane?

    <p>Specialized protein carrier molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves moving substances up their concentration gradient using energy from ATP?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the principal concentration of potassium (K+)?

    <p>Inside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing ATP through aerobic respiration?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process brings in fluid into the cell?

    <p>Pinocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are enzymes located that digest fragments of organelles and large molecules inside the cell?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in packaging proteins into membrane-bound vesicles for exocytosis?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Lipid synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cytoskeleton in a cell?

    <p>Guides movement of materials around the cell interior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of microfilaments in a cell?

    <p>Providing mechanical support and shape to the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure consists of a pair of centrioles and is important in cell division?

    <p>Centrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the microscopic hair-like projections that contain microtubules and move substances along the surface of some cells?

    <p>Cilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process results in two new, genetically identical daughter cells with 46 chromosomes each?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the period between two cell divisions known as?

    <p>Cell cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase do the chromosomes replicate, forming two identical copies of DNA?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of cilia in some cells?

    <p>Moving substances along the surface of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which damaged, dead, and worn-out cells can be replaced by cell division?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial cell formed from the fusion of the ovum and spermatozoon called?

    <p>Haploid cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the principal concentration of potassium (K+)?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of substances can cross the membrane through channels?

    <p>Nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>ATP production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of microtubules in a cell?

    <p>Provide mechanical support and guidance tracking for internal movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of centrosome in a cell?

    <p>Directing organisation of microtubules within the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure contains tiny projections that greatly increase the surface area of cells, maximizing absorption of nutrients from the small intestine?

    <p>Microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process known as when ageing cells are programmed to 'self-destruct' and their components are removed by phagocytosis?

    <p>Apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process results in two new, genetically identical daughter cells with 46 chromosomes each?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase do the chromosomes replicate, forming two identical copies of DNA?

    <p>Synthesis of DNA (S phase)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of cilia in some cells?

    <p>Moving substances along the surface of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the period between two cell divisions known as?

    <p>Cell cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells have a resting phase called Go, even though they are usually highly active?

    <p>All types of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organelle is involved in packaging proteins into membrane-bound vesicles for exocytosis?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does meiosis take place?

    <p>In sex cells (ova and spermatozoa)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport allows substances to move down their concentration gradient?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves passive movement of water across a semipermeable membrane towards equilibrium?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the principal concentration of potassium (K+)?

    <p>Inside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of microfilaments in a cell?

    <p>Cell movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when waste materials are extruded through the plasma membrane?

    <p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are membrane proteins involved in when using energy from ATP to move substances up their concentration gradient?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do water-soluble ions cross the cell membrane?

    <p>Through channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

    <p>Regulation of internal environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of proteins provide channels for electrolytes and non-lipid soluble substances in the cell membrane?

    <p>Membrane proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the selective permeability of the cell membrane responsible for?

    <p>Regulating internal environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two layers that make up the structure of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Phospholipid bilayer and cholesterol layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is described as the 'powerhouse' of the cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport occurs when substances move down their concentration gradient?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are enzymes located that digest fragments of organelles and large molecules inside the cell?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does osmosis involve?

    <p>Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Lipid synthesis and detoxification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process brings in fluid into the cell?

    <p>Pinocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cytoskeleton in a cell?

    <p>Facilitate movement of materials within the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of substances can cross the membrane through channels?

    <p>Small molecules through simple diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?

    <p>Protein synthesis from amino acids using RNA as a template</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport involves moving substances up their concentration gradient using energy from ATP?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the principal concentration of potassium (K+)?

    <p>Inside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism maintains unequal ion concentrations on either side of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Potassium (K+) is the principal intracellular cation with higher concentration inside the cell than outside. Sodium (Na+) is the principal extracellular cation, with higher concentration outside the cell than inside.
    • Ions tend to diffuse down their concentration gradients, so cells maintain the gradients by constantly pumping out excess Na+ and taking in K+.
    • Bulk transport of particles too large to cross cell membranes occurs through pinocytosis (cell-drinking) or phagocytosis (cell-eating).
    • Pinocytosis brings in fluid while phagocytosis takes in larger particles and digests them with lysosomes.
    • The cell contains various organelles, each with specialized functions and enclosed by their own membrane in the cytosol, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.
    • The nucleus, the largest organelle, contains the body's genetic material and is involved in metabolic activities. It has a nucleolus for ribosome synthesis and assembly.
    • Mitochondria, described as the 'powerhouse' of the cell, are membranous structures responsible for the synthesis of ATP through aerobic respiration. They are found in high numbers in active cells.
    • Ribosomes, tiny granules composed of RNA and protein, synthesize proteins from amino acids using RNA as a template. They are found in the cytoplasm and on the outer surface of the nuclear envelope and rough endoplasmic reticulum.
    • Endoplasmic reticulum consists of membranous canals in the cytoplasm, with the rough type studded with ribosomes for protein synthesis. Smooth ER synthesizes lipids, steroid hormones, and participates in detoxification.
    • The Golgi apparatus consists of stacks of folded membranous sacs and is present in all cells, but larger in those that synthesize and export proteins. It packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles for exocytosis.
    • Lysosomes are small membranous vesicles pinched off from the Golgi apparatus, containing enzymes that digest fragments of organelles and large molecules inside the cell. They are found in white blood cells for foreign material digestion.
    • The cytoskeleton is an extensive network of protein fibers that provides internal support and guides the movement of materials around the cell interior.

    (Note: Figures and references have been omitted as per the instructions.)

    • Potassium (K+) is the principal intracellular cation with higher concentration inside the cell than outside. Sodium (Na+) is the principal extracellular cation, with higher concentration outside the cell than inside.
    • Ions tend to diffuse down their concentration gradients, so cells maintain the gradients by constantly pumping out excess Na+ and taking in K+.
    • Bulk transport of particles too large to cross cell membranes occurs through pinocytosis (cell-drinking) or phagocytosis (cell-eating).
    • Pinocytosis brings in fluid while phagocytosis takes in larger particles and digests them with lysosomes.
    • The cell contains various organelles, each with specialized functions and enclosed by their own membrane in the cytosol, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.
    • The nucleus, the largest organelle, contains the body's genetic material and is involved in metabolic activities. It has a nucleolus for ribosome synthesis and assembly.
    • Mitochondria, described as the 'powerhouse' of the cell, are membranous structures responsible for the synthesis of ATP through aerobic respiration. They are found in high numbers in active cells.
    • Ribosomes, tiny granules composed of RNA and protein, synthesize proteins from amino acids using RNA as a template. They are found in the cytoplasm and on the outer surface of the nuclear envelope and rough endoplasmic reticulum.
    • Endoplasmic reticulum consists of membranous canals in the cytoplasm, with the rough type studded with ribosomes for protein synthesis. Smooth ER synthesizes lipids, steroid hormones, and participates in detoxification.
    • The Golgi apparatus consists of stacks of folded membranous sacs and is present in all cells, but larger in those that synthesize and export proteins. It packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles for exocytosis.
    • Lysosomes are small membranous vesicles pinched off from the Golgi apparatus, containing enzymes that digest fragments of organelles and large molecules inside the cell. They are found in white blood cells for foreign material digestion.
    • The cytoskeleton is an extensive network of protein fibers that provides internal support and guides the movement of materials around the cell interior.

    (Note: Figures and references have been omitted as per the instructions.)

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    2_5217461176656480018.docx

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the movement of potassium and sodium ions across the cell membrane. Understand how cells maintain their concentration gradients and regulate the levels of these essential ions.

    More Like This

    Cell Biology and Signalling: Membrane Transport
    26 questions

    Cell Biology and Signalling: Membrane Transport

    StableEpilogue avatar
    StableEpilogue
    Biology: Cells and Cell Transport
    10 questions

    Biology: Cells and Cell Transport

    InvaluableFallingAction avatar
    InvaluableFallingAction
    Cell Biology Nuclear Transport Flashcards
    6 questions

    Cell Biology Nuclear Transport Flashcards

    WorthSpruce672 avatar
    WorthSpruce672
    Cell Biology Quiz: Membrane Transport Processes
    45 questions

    Cell Biology Quiz: Membrane Transport Processes

    StimulatingLimerick481 avatar
    StimulatingLimerick481
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser