Podcast
Questions and Answers
During fermentation, what essential molecule is regenerated to allow glycolysis to continue?
During fermentation, what essential molecule is regenerated to allow glycolysis to continue?
- NAD+ (correct)
- NADH
- ATP
- Pyruvic Acid
In the absence of oxygen, what process do cells use to extract energy from food molecules?
In the absence of oxygen, what process do cells use to extract energy from food molecules?
- Aerobic Respiration
- Photosynthesis
- Fermentation (correct)
- Electron Transport Chain
Which process describes energy released from food molecules in the absence of oxygen?
Which process describes energy released from food molecules in the absence of oxygen?
- Electron Transport Chain
- Krebs Cycle
- Photosynthesis
- Fermentation (correct)
What is the primary role of fermentation following glycolysis under anaerobic conditions?
What is the primary role of fermentation following glycolysis under anaerobic conditions?
What products are generated during alcoholic fermentation?
What products are generated during alcoholic fermentation?
Which organisms primarily utilize lactic acid fermentation?
Which organisms primarily utilize lactic acid fermentation?
What role does alcoholic fermentation play in the production of bread?
What role does alcoholic fermentation play in the production of bread?
How does lactic acid fermentation supply ATP during exercise?
How does lactic acid fermentation supply ATP during exercise?
What is the primary chemical conversion that occurs during lactic acid fermentation?
What is the primary chemical conversion that occurs during lactic acid fermentation?
Why do cells need to perform fermentation in the absence of oxygen, even though it yields less ATP than cellular respiration?
Why do cells need to perform fermentation in the absence of oxygen, even though it yields less ATP than cellular respiration?
What process is required to continue the production of ATP for intense exercise lasting longer than 90 seconds?
What process is required to continue the production of ATP for intense exercise lasting longer than 90 seconds?
In what form does the body predominantly store energy for longer-term use, which is utilized after the initial glycogen stores are depleted?
In what form does the body predominantly store energy for longer-term use, which is utilized after the initial glycogen stores are depleted?
Which statement accurately compares the rates of energy release between cellular respiration and fermentation?
Which statement accurately compares the rates of energy release between cellular respiration and fermentation?
Why does a person huff and puff for several minutes after intense exercise?
Why does a person huff and puff for several minutes after intense exercise?
Where does fermentation occur within a cell?
Where does fermentation occur within a cell?
Flashcards
What is fermentation?
What is fermentation?
A process by which energy is released from food molecules when oxygen is absent; it occurs in the cytoplasm.
NADH to NAD+ conversion in fermentation
NADH to NAD+ conversion in fermentation
During fermentation, NADH is converted back into NAD+, allowing glycolysis to continue producing ATP.
What is alcoholic fermentation?
What is alcoholic fermentation?
A process mainly used by yeast and some microorganisms to produce ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.
The chemical equation of alcoholic fermentation
The chemical equation of alcoholic fermentation
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What is lactic acid fermentation?
What is lactic acid fermentation?
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The chemical equation of lactic acid fermentation
The chemical equation of lactic acid fermentation
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Short-term energy during exercise
Short-term energy during exercise
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Long-term energy during exercise
Long-term energy during exercise
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Immediate ATP Availability
Immediate ATP Availability
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Quick Energy from Fermentation
Quick Energy from Fermentation
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Glycogen and Fat as Energy Reserves
Glycogen and Fat as Energy Reserves
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Study Notes
Fermentation
- Fermentation can release energy from food molecules if oxygen is not available
- Fermentation releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen
- Fermentation is a process by which energy can be released from food molecules without oxygen, it occurs in the cytoplasm of cells
- Under anaerobic conditions, fermentation follows glycolysis
- During fermentation, cells convert NADH produced by glycolysis back into the electron carrier NAD+, which allows glycolysis to continue producing ATP
Alcoholic Fermentation
- Yeast and a few other microorganisms use alcoholic fermentation
- This process produces ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
- It is used to produce alcoholic beverages and make bread dough rise
- Pyruvic acid + NADH yields to Alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
Lactic Acid Fermentation
- Most organisms, including humans, use this process to convert pyruvic acid to lactic acid
- Pyruvic acid + NADH yields to Lactic acid + NAD+
Energy and Exercise
- The body use ATP during various stages of exercise
- For short, quick bursts of energy, the body uses ATP already in muscles and ATP made by lactic acid fermentation
- If exercising longer than about 90 seconds, cellular respiration is the only way to continue generating a supply of ATP
Quick Energy
- Cells normally contain small amounts of ATP produced during cellular respiration, enough only for a few seconds of intense activity
- Lactic acid fermentation can supply enough ATP to last about 90 seconds
- Extra oxygen is required to get rid of the lactic acid produced after intense exercise
- After intense activity, the person will huff and puff for several minutes to pay back the built-up “oxygen debt” and clear the lactic acid from the body
Long-Term Energy
- For intense exercise lasting longer than 90 seconds, cellular respiration is required to continue ATP production
- Cellular respiration releases energy more slowly than fermentation
- The body stores energy in the form of the carbohydrate glycogen
- Glycogen stores are enough to last for 15 to 20 minutes of activity
- After glycogen stores are depleted, the body begins to break down other stored molecules, including fats, for energy
- Hibernating animals utilize stored fat for energy while sleeping through the winter
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