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Questions and Answers
What is the role of potassium in determining the resting membrane potential?
What is the role of potassium in determining the resting membrane potential?
Why is the resting membrane potential closest to the equilibrium potential for potassium (EK = -90 mV)?
Why is the resting membrane potential closest to the equilibrium potential for potassium (EK = -90 mV)?
Which ions have equilibrium potentials far from the resting membrane potential?
Which ions have equilibrium potentials far from the resting membrane potential?
What does the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz (GHK) equation determine?
What does the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz (GHK) equation determine?
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Which cells have a resting membrane potential of around -70 mV?
Which cells have a resting membrane potential of around -70 mV?
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How do sodium leak channels affect the resting membrane potential?
How do sodium leak channels affect the resting membrane potential?
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What are the ions relevant for understanding the cell's electrical properties and action potential?
What are the ions relevant for understanding the cell's electrical properties and action potential?
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What do ions need in order to move across the cell membrane?
What do ions need in order to move across the cell membrane?
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What determines the net flux of an ion through the membrane, as per the text?
What determines the net flux of an ion through the membrane, as per the text?
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In Ohm's law equation (IX = gX(Vm - EX)), what does (Vm - EX) represent?
In Ohm's law equation (IX = gX(Vm - EX)), what does (Vm - EX) represent?
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What happens when there is an inward current across the cell membrane?
What happens when there is an inward current across the cell membrane?
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What is the role of gX in determining the net flux of an ion according to Ohm's law?
What is the role of gX in determining the net flux of an ion according to Ohm's law?
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What determines the receptor a ligand binds to?
What determines the receptor a ligand binds to?
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How do ligands affect receptor affinity for inhibitory proteins?
How do ligands affect receptor affinity for inhibitory proteins?
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Intracellular receptors modify cell behavior through changes in:
Intracellular receptors modify cell behavior through changes in:
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Which subunit of G proteins determines receptor coupling to signaling modules?
Which subunit of G proteins determines receptor coupling to signaling modules?
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What type of signaling involves the activation of membrane-bound adenylyl cyclases and synthesis of cAMP?
What type of signaling involves the activation of membrane-bound adenylyl cyclases and synthesis of cAMP?
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Which ligand-binding modulates signal transduction pathways?
Which ligand-binding modulates signal transduction pathways?
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Which type of communication allows the transfer of small molecules and electrical signals from cell to cell?
Which type of communication allows the transfer of small molecules and electrical signals from cell to cell?
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What defines autocrine signaling?
What defines autocrine signaling?
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Which mode of cell communication uses hormones released into the blood to act on specific receptors in the body?
Which mode of cell communication uses hormones released into the blood to act on specific receptors in the body?
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What plays an important role in the conduction of action potentials of cardiac muscle?
What plays an important role in the conduction of action potentials of cardiac muscle?
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Which signaling occurs when a chemical signal is released and acts on neighboring cells near the site of release?
Which signaling occurs when a chemical signal is released and acts on neighboring cells near the site of release?
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Which term describes the situation where all binding sites for a specific ligand have been occupied?
Which term describes the situation where all binding sites for a specific ligand have been occupied?
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In what way does the nervous system communicate with cells and specific cell receptors?
In what way does the nervous system communicate with cells and specific cell receptors?
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What type of ligands bind to the receptor and prevent any response from occurring?
What type of ligands bind to the receptor and prevent any response from occurring?
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What occurs when a high concentration of a signaling molecule results in a decrease in the number of receptors in the membrane?
What occurs when a high concentration of a signaling molecule results in a decrease in the number of receptors in the membrane?
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Which process involves a chemical modulator binding to a receptor, blocking its activation by the ligand?
Which process involves a chemical modulator binding to a receptor, blocking its activation by the ligand?
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What is the term used for ligands that bind to and activate receptors, causing a response?
What is the term used for ligands that bind to and activate receptors, causing a response?
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In what situation does up-regulation of receptors typically occur?
In what situation does up-regulation of receptors typically occur?
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