Cellular Biology Concepts

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Questions and Answers

A scientist is examining a cell under a microscope and observes the absence of membrane-bound organelles. Which of the following classifications is most likely?

  • Eukaryotic cell
  • Animal cell
  • Plant cell
  • Prokaryotic cell (correct)

Which of the following best describes the primary role of the Golgi apparatus?

  • Detoxifying harmful substances
  • Synthesizing proteins
  • Modifying and packaging proteins (correct)
  • Generating ATP

A cell requires a large quantity of a specific molecule to be transported into the cell against its concentration gradient. Which transport mechanism would be most efficient?

  • Active transport (correct)
  • Passive transport
  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Osmosis

Which of the following macromolecules is primarily responsible for energy storage in plants?

<p>Starch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does an enzyme increase the rate of a reaction?

<p>Lowering the activation energy of the reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of homeostasis, which component detects a change in the internal environment?

<p>The receptor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of solution, when surrounding an animal cell, will cause the cell to lose water?

<p>Hypertonic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a catabolic pathway?

<p>Cellular respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A competitive inhibitor decreases the rate of enzyme reactions by:

<p>binding to the active site of the enzyme. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cytoskeleton components is involved in the movement of organelles within a cell?

<p>Microtubules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a cell?

Basic unit of life; all living organisms are composed of these.

What are prokaryotic cells?

Cells lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

What are eukaryotic cells?

Cells containing a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

What is the plasma membrane?

A selective barrier surrounding all cells.

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What is cytosol?

The semifluid, jelly-like substance inside all cells.

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What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Network of membranes and sacs; synthesizes proteins, metabolizes, and moves lipids.

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What is the Golgi apparatus?

Modifies ER products, manufactures macromolecules, sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles.

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What is a lysosome?

Membranous sac of enzymes that can digest macromolecules.

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What are mitochondria?

Sites of cellular respiration, a metabolic process that generates ATP.

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What is homeostasis?

Maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes.

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