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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the plasma membrane?
What is the main function of the plasma membrane?
What type of tissue is responsible for movement?
What type of tissue is responsible for movement?
Which organ system is responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients to cells?
Which organ system is responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients to cells?
What is the term for the ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment?
What is the term for the ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment?
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What is the structure of DNA?
What is the structure of DNA?
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What is the chain of infection?
What is the chain of infection?
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What is the type of immunity that occurs naturally, without prior exposure to a pathogen?
What is the type of immunity that occurs naturally, without prior exposure to a pathogen?
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What is the term for the movement of molecules from high to low concentration?
What is the term for the movement of molecules from high to low concentration?
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Study Notes
Cellular Biology
- Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life
- Components of a cell:
- Plasma membrane: regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell where metabolic processes occur
- Nucleus: contains DNA, the genetic material
- Mitochondria: responsible for generating energy for the cell
- Cell membrane transport:
- Passive transport: movement of molecules from high to low concentration (diffusion, osmosis)
- Active transport: movement of molecules from low to high concentration (requires energy)
Tissue Biology
- Types of tissues:
- Epithelial tissue: forms lining of organs and glands
- Connective tissue: provides support and structure
- Muscle tissue: responsible for movement
- Nervous tissue: transmits and processes information
- Tissue functions:
- Protection
- Support
- Movement
- Regulation
Organ Systems
- Major organ systems:
- Nervous system: controls and coordinates body functions
- Circulatory system: transports oxygen and nutrients to cells
- Respiratory system: brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide
- Immune system: defends the body against pathogens
- Digestive system: breaks down and absorbs nutrients
- Endocrine system: regulates body functions through hormones
- Integumentary system: protects the body from external damage
Human Physiology
- Homeostasis: the ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment
- Negative feedback mechanisms: help maintain homeostasis by correcting deviations
- Physiological responses to stress:
- Fight-or-flight response
- General adaptation syndrome
Genetics
- DNA structure: double helix with sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases
- Genetic inheritance:
- Autosomal dominant inheritance
- Autosomal recessive inheritance
- X-linked inheritance
- Genetic mutations:
- Point mutations
- Frameshift mutations
- Chromosomal mutations
Infection and Immunity
- Chain of infection:
- Pathogen
- Reservoir
- Portal of exit
- Mode of transmission
- Portal of entry
- Susceptible host
- Immune responses:
- Innate immunity
- Adaptive immunity
- Active and passive immunity
- Types of immunity:
- Natural immunity
- Acquired immunity
- Herd immunity
Cellular Biology
- Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life
- Plasma membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance inside the cell where metabolic processes occur
- Nucleus contains DNA, the genetic material
- Mitochondria generates energy for the cell
- Passive transport occurs from high to low concentration (diffusion, osmosis)
- Active transport occurs from low to high concentration, requiring energy
Tissue Biology
- Epithelial tissue forms the lining of organs and glands
- Connective tissue provides support and structure
- Muscle tissue is responsible for movement
- Nervous tissue transmits and processes information
- Tissue functions include protection, support, movement, and regulation
Organ Systems
- Nervous system controls and coordinates body functions
- Circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients to cells
- Respiratory system brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide
- Immune system defends the body against pathogens
- Digestive system breaks down and absorbs nutrients
- Endocrine system regulates body functions through hormones
- Integumentary system protects the body from external damage
Human Physiology
- Homeostasis is the ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment
- Negative feedback mechanisms help maintain homeostasis by correcting deviations
- Fight-or-flight response is a physiological response to stress
- General adaptation syndrome is a physiological response to stress
Genetics
- DNA has a double helix structure with a sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases
- Autosomal dominant inheritance is a type of genetic inheritance
- Autosomal recessive inheritance is a type of genetic inheritance
- X-linked inheritance is a type of genetic inheritance
- Point mutations, frameshift mutations, and chromosomal mutations are types of genetic mutations
Infection and Immunity
- Chain of infection includes pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host
- Innate immunity is a type of immune response
- Adaptive immunity is a type of immune response
- Active immunity and passive immunity are types of immunity
- Natural immunity, acquired immunity, and herd immunity are types of immunity
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Description
Learn about the components of a cell, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria, as well as cell membrane transport mechanisms like passive and active transport.
