Cellular Aging and Senescence Quiz

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Which factor causes an imbalance between the production and degradation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)?

Mitochondrial aging (correct)

Increased cellular loss

Aberrant maintenance of telomeres

Loss of WRN protein function

Which enzyme directly replaces damaged DNA and then resynthesizes a replacement stretch for the damaged strand?

Mn SOD

Nucleotide excision repair (NER)

Base excision repair (BER) (correct)

Mismatch repair (MMR)

What is the main consequence of loss of WRN protein function?

Osteoporosis

Type 2 diabetes

Genomic instability (correct)

Cataracts

Which process leads to an accumulation of somatic mutations in cells?

Aberrant maintenance of telomeres Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme plays a significant role in protecting against oxidative stress by degrading reactive oxygen species?

Catalase Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of cellular senescence?

Oxidative stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of telomerase?

Extending chromosome ends Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes significantly to cellular aging?

Mitochondrial dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of bypassing replicative senescence?

Formation of therapy-resistant cells Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is a biomarker for senescent cells?

p53 Signup and view all the answers

What is one form of cellular senescence caused by excessive stress?

Stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of telomerase in stem cells and germ cells?

Maintaining telomere size Signup and view all the answers

Why do somatic cells have shorter telomeres compared to stem cells and germ cells?

Lower levels of telomerase Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of loss of telomeres in cells?

Chromosome instability or apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

In cancer cells, what allows for the maintenance of longer telomeres?

Mutation in telomerase genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of mutations in the WRN gene in Werner's Syndrome?

Increased mtDNA mutagenesis Signup and view all the answers