Cell Wall Structure of Kingdom Monera

Cell Wall Structure of Kingdom Monera

Peptidoglycan (Murein) Cell Wall

• Present in most bacteria, including Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria
• Composed of:
  • Peptidoglycan (also known as murein): a thick, rigid layer of sugars and amino acids
  • Teichoic acids: negatively charged molecules that help maintain the cell wall's structure
• Provides strength, shape, and protection to the cell
• Prevents osmotic lysis by maintaining internal pressure

Gram-Negative Cell Wall

• Found in some Gram-negative bacteria
• Thinner and more complex than Gram-positive cell walls
• Composed of:
  • Outer membrane: a lipid bilayer containing lipopolysaccharides and proteins
  • Peptidoglycan layer: thinner than in Gram-positive bacteria
  • Periplasmic space: a region between the outer membrane and peptidoglycan layer
• Less rigid than Gram-positive cell walls, but still provides protection and maintains cell shape

Mycoplasma Cell Wall

• Absent in Mycoplasma bacteria, a group of bacteria in the kingdom Monera
• Instead, they have a plasma membrane that provides structural support
• Allows for greater flexibility and ability to change shape

Archaeal Cell Wall

• Found in some Archaea, a group of prokaryotes in the kingdom Monera
• Composed of:
  • Pseudopeptidoglycan (pseudomurein): a modified form of peptidoglycan
  • Glycoproteins: proteins with carbohydrate molecules attached
  • Other unique compounds, such as methanochondroitin
• Provides structural support and protection to the cell

Cell Wall Structure of Kingdom Monera

Peptidoglycan (Murein) Cell Wall

• Found in most bacteria, including Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria
• Composed of peptidoglycan (murein) and teichoic acids
• Provides strength, shape, and protection to the cell
• Prevents osmotic lysis by maintaining internal pressure

Gram-Negative Cell Wall

• Found in some Gram-negative bacteria
• Thinner and more complex than Gram-positive cell walls
• Composed of outer membrane, peptidoglycan layer, and periplasmic space
• Less rigid than Gram-positive cell walls, but still provides protection and maintains cell shape

Mycoplasma Cell Wall

• Absent in Mycoplasma bacteria
• Replaced by a plasma membrane that provides structural support
• Allows for greater flexibility and ability to change shape

Archaeal Cell Wall

• Found in some Archaea
• Composed of pseudopeptidoglycan (pseudomurein), glycoproteins, and other unique compounds
• Provides structural support and protection to the cell

This quiz covers the structure and function of the cell wall in Kingdom Monera, including peptidoglycan and teichoic acids. It also explains how the cell wall provides strength, shape, and protection to the cell.