Cell Types and Organelles Quiz

Study Notes

Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell; breaks down glucose for energy production.
Nucleus: Contains DNA, controls cellular functions.
Golgi Apparatus: Modifies proteins and prepares them for export.
Ribosomes: Produce proteins using instructions from DNA.
Cytoplasm: Fluid inside the cell.
Cell Wall: Provides support and structure; found in plant cells, made of cellulose.
Cell Membrane: Selectively permeable barrier surrounding the cell.
Lysosomes: Contain enzymes for breaking down waste and invading bacteria.
Chloroplasts: Found only in plant cells, use sunlight to produce energy.

Diffusion: Movement of particles from high to low concentration.
Osmosis: Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from high to low water concentration (diffusion of water).
Hypertonic Solution: Water moves out of the cell causing it to shrink due to higher solute concentration outside the cell.

Passive Transport: Movement of substances across a membrane without energy input.
- Diffusion: Movement from high to low concentration.
- Facilitated Diffusion: Diffusion assisted by proteins.
- Osmosis: Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Active Transport: Movement of substances across a membrane against the concentration gradient - requires energy input.
- Protein Pumps: Proteins that move substances using energy.
- Exocytosis: Moving material out of the cell through membrane fusion.
- Endocytosis: Taking material into the cell.

Isotonic Solution: Equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell; no net water movement.
Hypotonic Solution: Lower solute concentration outside the cell; water moves into the cell.

A Venn Diagram illustrates the characteristics shared and unique to passive and active transport.
- Overlap (Both): Concentration gradient, movement across the cell membrane.
- Passive Transport: No energy requirement
- Active Transport: Requires energy (ATP).