Questions and Answers
What is diffusion?
What is passive transport?
The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell.
What is active transport?
The movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy.
What is filtration?
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What is a solvent?
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What is a solute?
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What ions are involved in pumps?
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What is endocytosis?
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What is pinocytosis?
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What is osmosis?
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What does isotonic mean?
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What is phagocytosis?
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What is facilitated diffusion?
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What does hypertonic mean?
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What are cilia?
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What does hypotonic mean?
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What are microvilli?
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What is a vesicle?
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What is exocytosis?
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What is a flagellum?
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Study Notes
Cell Transport Processes
- Diffusion: Movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration, driving the distribution of substances within cells.
- Passive Transport: Involves movement across a cell membrane without energy expenditure by the cell; essential for nutrient absorption and waste removal.
- Active Transport: Requires energy to move materials through a cell membrane, allowing cells to accumulate substances against their concentration gradient.
- Filtration: Mechanism where water and solutes are propelled through a membrane by hydrostatic pressure, important for kidney function and blood filtration.
Solvent and Solute
- Solvent: A liquid that can dissolve a solute, playing a critical role in chemical reactions and biological processes.
- Solute: The substance that is dissolved in a solvent; critical for creating solutions necessary for metabolic functions.
Cellular Structures and Mechanisms
- Pumps: Na+ and K+ pumps are essential for maintaining electrochemical gradients across cell membranes, crucial for nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.
- Endocytosis: A cellular process that enables cells to internalize materials by infolding the cell membrane; vital for nutrient uptake and immune response.
- Pinocytosis: A form of endocytosis specialized for the uptake of fluids from the surrounding environment; important for nutrient absorption in tissues.
- Osmosis: Specific type of diffusion focused on the movement of water from areas of high water concentration to low, crucial for cell hydration and function.
Tonicity Concepts
- Isotonic: Conditions where two solutions have equal solute concentration, preventing net movement of water, maintaining cell stability.
- Hypertonic: A solution with a higher concentration of solute compared to another, leading to potential cell shrinkage as water moves out.
- Hypotonic: A solution with a lower solute concentration than another, resulting in cell swelling or bursting as water enters the cell.
Cellular Extensions
- Cilia: Hairlike structures on cell surfaces that facilitate movement and transport of materials, such as mucus in the respiratory tract.
- Microvilli: Projections that significantly increase surface area, aiding in absorption, particularly in the small intestine for nutrient uptake.
- Flagellum: A long structure that propels cells, commonly found in sperm cells, facilitating movement through liquid environments.
Vesicular Transport
- Vesicles: Small membrane-bound sacs used for transporting materials within the cell and expelling waste products.
- Exocytosis: Process where vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release their contents outside the cell, essential for hormone secretion and neurotransmitter release.
Additional Transport Mechanisms
- Facilitated Diffusion: Involves transport proteins that assist specific molecules in moving across a membrane, vital for cells that require regulated nutrient entry.
- Phagocytosis: A type of endocytosis that involves the ingestion of small solid particles, often utilized by immune cells to eliminate pathogens.
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Description
Explore key concepts in cell transport processes including diffusion, passive and active transport, and filtration. Understand the roles of solvents and solutes in biological functions. This quiz covers essential cellular mechanisms vital for maintaining homeostasis.