Cell Transport Mechanisms Quiz

False (B)

Tmax

<p>Facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple diffusion = Does not require a transmembrane protein Facilitated diffusion = Requires a transmembrane protein but does not require energy Active transport = Requires a transmembrane protein and energy Osmosis = Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Net diffusion is the overall movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. It is the difference between the movement of molecules in both directions, resulting in a net movement towards the area of lower concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperature = Higher temperature leads to faster diffusion Molecular weight = Heavier molecules diffuse slower Concentration gradient = Larger difference in concentration results in faster diffusion Distance = Diffusion is rapid over short distances, slower over longer distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myelin increases membrane resistance, leading to faster propagation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for the transport of nutrients to every cell in the body. (A), It enables the removal of waste products from cells. (B), It facilitates communication between different cells in the body. (C), All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>axon hillock</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Axon diameter and myelination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Node of Ranvier = Gaps in the myelin sheath where voltage-gated Na+ channels are concentrated Saltatory Conduction = Action potentials 'jump' from one Node of Ranvier to the next Schwann Cells = Myelin-producing cells in the peripheral nervous system Oligodendrocytes = Myelin-producing cells in the central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuous conduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The refractory period</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synaptic vesicle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium-potassium channels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-70</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leak channels = Always open Ligand-gated channels = Chemicals Voltage-gated channels = Voltage changes Mechanically-gated channels = Changes in shape (e.g. baroreceptors)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can summate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Refractory period</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can be either positive or negative, depending on the specific cell type and its activity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-70 mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>concentration, electrical</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synaptic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autocrine = A cell releases a signal that acts on itself. Paracrine = A cell releases a signal that acts on nearby cells. Endocrine = A cell releases a signal that travels through the bloodstream to act on distant cells. Neurotransmitters = Chemical messengers released by neurons that act on nearby target cells. Neurohormones = Hormonal signals released by neurons that travel through the bloodstream to act on distant cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To relay the signal from the primary messenger to intracellular targets and amplify the signal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Utilizes the energy gradient of another molecule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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<p>It directly uses ATP to pump substances against their gradient. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Na+/K+-ATPase Pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>secondary active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cotransport = Molecules move in the same direction across the membrane Countertransport = Molecules move in opposite directions across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It pumps 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ into the cell. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters (SGLT1 and SGLT2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The potential difference across a cell's plasma membrane, measured in millivolts.

The membrane potential of a cell at rest, typically around -70 mV in neurons.

A combination of the concentration gradient and electrical gradient affecting ion movement.

Movement of substances down their concentration gradient.

Movement of ions due to attraction and repulsion of charges.

Forces that determine how ions cross the plasma membrane: chemical and electrical.

The difference in concentration of a substance across a space.

Another term for membrane potential, indicating voltage across the membrane.

A process that allows substances to cross membranes with the help of transmembrane proteins without using energy.

Proteins that allow charged ions to pass through the plasma membrane following their electrochemical gradient.

Movement of substances against their concentration gradient using energy (ATP).

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from high to low concentration.

Transport that requires carriers or channels, which can saturate and reach a maximum rate.

The process of an action potential traveling from the axon hillock to the axon terminal.

The energy of motion of molecules that influences their movement and collisions.

The overall movement of molecules from high to low concentration until equilibrium is reached.

The part of a neuron where action potentials are initiated due to high density of Na+ channels.

Temperature, molecular weight, and concentration gradients influence how fast diffusion occurs.

A type of axon where action potentials propagate slowly from the trigger zone to the axon terminal.

Neurons that have myelin, allowing faster action potential propagation via saltatory conduction.

Diffusion allows for efficient material exchange at short distances in the body.

The jumping of action potentials between Nodes of Ranvier in myelinated axons, increasing speed.

A break in the myelin sheath where voltage-gated Na+ channels are concentrated.

The time after an action potential during which a neuron cannot fire again, ensuring one-way propagation.

Changes in the post-synaptic membrane potential due to neurotransmitter action; can be excitatory (EPSP) or inhibitory (IPSP).

Changes in membrane potential used by neurons to communicate.

Ion channels that are always open, allowing ions to flow freely.

Ion channels that open in response to specific chemical signals.

Ion channels that open or close in response to voltage changes.

Rapid changes in membrane potential that propagate signals along neurons.

Small changes in membrane potential that can summate to trigger action potentials.

Transport across the plasma membrane that requires energy, usually from ATP.

Transmembrane proteins that transport substances against their concentration gradient.

A specific pump that moves 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ into the cell, using ATP.

Transport that uses the gradient created by primary active transport, not ATP directly.

A type of secondary active transport where two molecules move in the same direction across the membrane.

Secondary active transport where two molecules move in opposite directions across the membrane.

Transporters that use Na+ gradient to transport glucose into cells.