Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best illustrates the concept of homeostasis in a biological system?
Which of the following best illustrates the concept of homeostasis in a biological system?
- The production of sweat to cool the body on a hot day. (correct)
- A plant growing taller as it reaches for sunlight.
- The development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
- An increase in body temperature during an infection.
A scientist observes that a particular substance moves across a cell membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. Which transport mechanism is most likely responsible for this movement?
A scientist observes that a particular substance moves across a cell membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. Which transport mechanism is most likely responsible for this movement?
- Active transport (correct)
- Passive diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion
- Osmosis
Why is diffusion insufficient for transporting substances across long distances in multicellular organisms?
Why is diffusion insufficient for transporting substances across long distances in multicellular organisms?
- Multicellular organisms do not experience concentration gradients.
- The rate of diffusion is too slow to effectively transport substances over long distances. (correct)
- Diffusion requires energy, which is limited in cells.
- Diffusion only works for water molecules, not other substances.
A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell as a result of osmosis?
A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell as a result of osmosis?
Which of the following describes the primary difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
Which of the following describes the primary difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
What critical characteristic distinguishes embryonic stem cells from adult stem cells?
What critical characteristic distinguishes embryonic stem cells from adult stem cells?
How do genetic signals and environmental factors interact to influence the differentiation of stem cells?
How do genetic signals and environmental factors interact to influence the differentiation of stem cells?
Which of the following best describes the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
Which of the following best describes the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
During cellular respiration, what is the primary role of oxygen?
During cellular respiration, what is the primary role of oxygen?
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration interconnected in the carbon cycle?
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration interconnected in the carbon cycle?
Flashcards
Homeostasis
Homeostasis
Maintaining a stable internal environment in response to external changes.
Diffusion
Diffusion
The movement of molecules from high to low concentration until equilibrium.
Osmosis
Osmosis
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Passive transport
Passive transport
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Active transport
Active transport
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Endocytosis
Endocytosis
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Exocytosis
Exocytosis
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Stem cells
Stem cells
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
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Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration
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Study Notes
- Living organisms maintain a stable internal environment through homeostasis, despite external changes.
- Cell membranes regulate what enters and exits the cell.
- Diffusion is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration areas until equilibrium.
- Diffusion works effectively over short distances, as molecules move quickly without energy.
Osmosis
- Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
- Water moves from low to high solute concentration to achieve balance.
- Passive transport doesn't require energy as substances move down their concentration gradient.
- Active transport requires energy (ATP) to move substances against their concentration gradient.
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
- Endocytosis brings large particles into cells via vesicles.
- Exocytosis expels large particles when vesicles fuse with the cell membrane.
Stem Cells
- Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
- Genetic signals and environmental factors such as chemicals and physical conditions influence stem cells.
- Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent and can become any cell type.
- Adult stem cells are multipotent, with limited specialization capabilities.
- Adult stem cells are used in bone marrow transplants, regenerative medicine, and disease modeling research.
Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis converts sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen.
- Pigments absorb light, with chlorophyll being the primary pigment in plants.
Cellular Respiration
- Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.
- Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more ATP.
- Fermentation (anaerobic respiration) occurs without oxygen, producing less ATP and byproducts like lactic acid or ethanol.
Relationship
- Photosynthesis and respiration are interconnected.
- Photosynthesis provides oxygen and glucose for respiration.
- Respiration releases carbon dioxide and water for photosynthesis.
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